tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25821249472104860192024-03-28T08:18:53.750-04:00random notes: geographer-at-large“Geography, sir, is ruinous in its effects on the lower classes. Reading, writing, and arithmetic are comparatively safe, but geography invariably leads to revolution.”
(1879 testimony before a Select Committee of the House of Commons, London, England, regarding expenditures of the London School Board)Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.comBlogger185125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-18294001129616327422014-02-05T08:05:00.000-05:002014-02-05T08:05:00.044-05:00The Map that Saved the London Underground<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGPPjKNFDJnJnPDH17U3bNmavCEFTHEAuEceUYx48b8YZydApNLyTIHW2CWkkBj_hnmfnGLYv7JwLyUpY_dH3ZEkQR66218hEaE9CVO4E6IiNwyKojcwSKaTINz5U-ELJm5f_WyaTNuNU/s1600/1914+Wonderground+Underground+Map.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGPPjKNFDJnJnPDH17U3bNmavCEFTHEAuEceUYx48b8YZydApNLyTIHW2CWkkBj_hnmfnGLYv7JwLyUpY_dH3ZEkQR66218hEaE9CVO4E6IiNwyKojcwSKaTINz5U-ELJm5f_WyaTNuNU/s1600/1914+Wonderground+Underground+Map.bmp" height="640" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The 1914 Wonderground Underground
Map, a mixture of cartoon, fantasy, and topological accuracy, by Macdonald
Gill. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I love this map, and this article! Of course, one of the reasons I love the article (link below) is that it's about the London Underground, and it incorporates a lot of
interesting historical background and contextual detail.
Another reason is that it is written in a rather meandering way, going
off on tangents that eventually lead back to the story at hand. Naturally, I admire this style of writing! And, most unusually, I have nothing more to
add. Thanks, Andrew M., for sending the
link to the map, which allows you to zoom around the map and see all the incredible detail. </span><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-25551751"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-25551751</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com28tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-28627590752594000682014-01-28T17:38:00.000-05:002014-01-28T17:38:09.023-05:00Carbon Footprint by Zipcode<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLWrc4Yl4XvbWOPGNChmZwQgSCPmYLgouqZDBwGnZMOZdKJziquWLyOwEFrJLM0kChTVtMi7WeU7Yx8jx-Y8VL-HRpjSTtNCXkv4iEe-VVmrkrDYPmKjiteGg4zEtBCQjAPMypr93pBZE/s1600/NYCcarbonfootprintmap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLWrc4Yl4XvbWOPGNChmZwQgSCPmYLgouqZDBwGnZMOZdKJziquWLyOwEFrJLM0kChTVtMi7WeU7Yx8jx-Y8VL-HRpjSTtNCXkv4iEe-VVmrkrDYPmKjiteGg4zEtBCQjAPMypr93pBZE/s1600/NYCcarbonfootprintmap.jpg" height="492" width="640" /></a><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Source: UC Berkeley CoolClimate Network,</span> </i><i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/maps"><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #336299;">Average Annual Household Carbon Footprint (2013)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><a href="http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/maps">http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/maps</a>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Well, we city-dwellers hav</span>e known
all along that it is more environmentally beneficial to live in high density
urban areas. But now we have the
unfortunate evidence that, alas, any carbon footprint benefits accruing to
cities are more than offset by the much higher carbon footprint of our suburban
counterparts in the nearby hinterlands, and based upon a visual inspection of
the mapped data, it appears that the wealthier suburban communities are
definitely the bigger energy hogs than their poorer suburban neighbors or rural
areas. There are a series of cool
interactive maps (at <a href="http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/maps">http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/maps</a>
and thanks, Tom Paino, for sending me the link) allowing you to zoom into any
zipcode in the continental US and see how the annual household carbon footprint
has been tallied, considering transportation, housing, food, goods, and
services. My zipcode, 10033 in
Washington Heights, NYC, for example, is rather carbon thrifty, at 34.6 metric
tons of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent, while just across the Hudson River in 07632
Englewood Cliffs, NJ, it is nearly double at 69.5, and in Old Westbury, on Long
Island to the east of NYC, it is 95, almost triple. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Baltimore City, MD (21201) is
positively parsimonious at 25, and Baltimore shows up on the map as a green
oasis in a sea of reds and oranges, denoting the surrounding suburban household
carbon footprints double that of the inner city. There was one thing that I question on this
map and that is there is no legend, so we cannot see what the class ranges are
for each color. When you touch on each
zipcode, the stats for that zipcode pop up, but it seemed to me that the same
color represented different ranges, perhaps dependent upon the state. Therefore it is difficult to make any
consistent inferences based on the zipcode color, which obviously can be
somewhat misleading in making visual comparisons. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There are two other interactive
maps: Average annual household energy (electricity, natural gas, other) carbon
footprint by zipcode (where, again the contrast between Washington Heights in
Upper Manhattan around 6 and Old Westbury at 16 is amazing!).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The third map is average monthly
vehicle miles traveled per household by zipcode, (and of course in many parts
of NYC, households have on average as low as 0.1 vehicle per household. In other words, in many parts of the city,
only one in 10 households has a car, on average. The vehicle miles traveled is figured by
multiplying vehicle miles traveled per month by the number of vehicles per household.
I found the assumptions of this
calculation a little odd – nearly every zipcode in the country had households
driving about 1,200- 1,400 miles per month, and I think there should be much
more variation in this figure. Only in
some isolated areas in the western and northern US were households driving
1,500-1,700 miles per month, otherwise it seems that every household puts on essentially
the same mileage. I think if you live in
NYC and are crazy enough to have a car there, the last thing you would be doing
is sitting in your car racking up 1,200 miles a month. If so, that’s about all you would have time
to do traveling at the snail’s pace that is NYC traffic! That’s an average of 40 miles per day, and
virtually no one within the city would drive a 40 miles per day commute or just
go joy-riding around for 40 miles per day.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">But other than those relatively
minor cavils (and knowing how difficult it is to keep a nation-wide study
consistent when there is such extreme variation across zipcodes) the maps are
fascinating and the study seems sound. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5zlsqz7itty_yLPt2CqFVcJMflJTLbPmE7CVXlKaVOpUTzbvt8n2WxNCric9lbcQraLylHhM5xVkFa395r8VeLbFQ71rhyphenhyphen1GOx1JzM1PMHSbZoOh10VVzYQOFQzAkE0DliI4EC_1YbPs/s1600/eastern+seaboard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5zlsqz7itty_yLPt2CqFVcJMflJTLbPmE7CVXlKaVOpUTzbvt8n2WxNCric9lbcQraLylHhM5xVkFa395r8VeLbFQ71rhyphenhyphen1GOx1JzM1PMHSbZoOh10VVzYQOFQzAkE0DliI4EC_1YbPs/s1600/eastern+seaboard.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><i>This shows how the suburban areas create a much higher carbon footprint than the cities or rural areas, from Philadelphia to New York City. </i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Here’s the abstract from the paper
the maps in which the maps appear:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">“Which municipalities and locations within the United States
contribute the most to household greenhouse gas emissions, and what is the
effect of population density and suburbanization on emissions? Using national
household surveys, we developed econometric models of demand for energy,
transportation, food, goods, and services that were used to derive average
household carbon footprints (HCF) for U.S. zip codes, cities, counties, and
metropolitan areas. We find consistently lower HCF in urban core cities (40
tCO2e) and higher carbon footprints in outlying suburbs (50 tCO2e), with a
range from 25 to >80 tCO2e in the 50 largest metropolitan areas. Population
density exhibits a weak but positive correlation with HCF until a density
threshold is met, after which range, mean, and standard deviation of HCF
decline. While population density contributes to relatively low HCF in the
central cities of large metropolitan areas, the more extensive suburbanization
in these regions contributes to an overall net increase in HCF compared to
smaller metropolitan areas. Suburbs alone account for 50% of total U.S. HCF.
Differences in the size, composition, and location of household carbon
footprints suggest the need for tailoring of greenhouse gas mitigation efforts
to different populations.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJOYDMb9tKHDu6iNE3SkIVf0dxPgl1IQfcKLK-5FQhiSy9JK6TVgJbRdPM4FE9uEJDH19lff_arDQkMGPhNdxfQyCIn5zfvzFLKiR6MbOso0BA-hF1Z3IGDMa9ff0an-RNUmn0lqs0s1M/s1600/uc-berekeley-interactive-map-carbon-emissions-by-zip-code.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #ffe599; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJOYDMb9tKHDu6iNE3SkIVf0dxPgl1IQfcKLK-5FQhiSy9JK6TVgJbRdPM4FE9uEJDH19lff_arDQkMGPhNdxfQyCIn5zfvzFLKiR6MbOso0BA-hF1Z3IGDMa9ff0an-RNUmn0lqs0s1M/s1600/uc-berekeley-interactive-map-carbon-emissions-by-zip-code.jpg" height="384" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">From:
<a href="http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/chris">Christopher M. Jones </a>and <a href="http://kammen.berkeley.edu/">Daniel M.
Kammen</a>, <a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es4034364">Spatial Distribution of
U.S. Household Carbon Footprints Reveals Suburbanization Undermines Greenhouse
Gas Benefits of Urban Population Density</a>. <i>Environ.
Sci. Technol</i>., 2013, dx.doi.org/10.1021/es4034364 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Frequently asked questions about the paper (and including
limitations of the study and urban planning implications) are at: </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/files/coolclimate/Jones-Kammen-CarbonFootprint-FAQ-EST-1-10-2014.pdf">http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/files/coolclimate/Jones-Kammen-CarbonFootprint-FAQ-EST-1-10-2014.pdf</a> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9i2Eean9l-5mDeXfVi3HQuJIrLisdzzeCVBFEiLADgohy86h9ParqLYyGcTOE9-c5j2yAPjpmd_fTpSD7GxAPRX7EYtTiX3VWOyRkg53oWYbHtoEa4nTYa6YSxu096mptHFkRARjSDK8/s1600/American-carbon-footprint-550x389.gif" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #ffe599; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9i2Eean9l-5mDeXfVi3HQuJIrLisdzzeCVBFEiLADgohy86h9ParqLYyGcTOE9-c5j2yAPjpmd_fTpSD7GxAPRX7EYtTiX3VWOyRkg53oWYbHtoEa4nTYa6YSxu096mptHFkRARjSDK8/s1600/American-carbon-footprint-550x389.gif" height="452" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The American Carbon
Footprint</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><a href="http://theenergycollective.com/lindsay-wilson/326341/mapping-american-carbon-footprint-down-last-zip-code-interactive-maps">http://theenergycollective.com/lindsay-wilson/326341/mapping-american-carbon-footprint-down-last-zip-code-interactive-maps</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvlSbNsMnGyYRhS1fou1pSRKbzsZD4ldPB-ak3Ug1TjHUSkOros5TboNLDomX7yRNnvlF9pJRu9CnGQ9b3jMnGIP0_CW2k1IcWuYnqVrJ6r5mxUkZtWkDydxt0BXUWJ61GRRUkAwLiKF4/s1600/Global-Carbon-Footprints-map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #ffe599; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvlSbNsMnGyYRhS1fou1pSRKbzsZD4ldPB-ak3Ug1TjHUSkOros5TboNLDomX7yRNnvlF9pJRu9CnGQ9b3jMnGIP0_CW2k1IcWuYnqVrJ6r5mxUkZtWkDydxt0BXUWJ61GRRUkAwLiKF4/s1600/Global-Carbon-Footprints-map.jpg" height="306" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Also, here’s another cool website with interactive maps, showing global carbon footprints
by current emissions, per capita, intensity, and cumulative emissions, going
back to 1850 at the dawn of high industrialization. Very enlightening! <a href="http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/energy/great-energy-challenge/global-footprints/">http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/energy/great-energy-challenge/global-footprints/</a>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-mwbnE8qEk-LwkSFXd7d18I6j0Vq2mORyUNmKeaJyAH6Tq6R-3rNIrU2At4Dgs3RizJHvoHxYqcOPhy9hg4U-Ae6E4Po_WVH8zaxX2SJ_X4W41AtA0bU_cF95CxHtEDyJVF1GJbdMk5o/s1600/CarbonEmissionMap_2009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-mwbnE8qEk-LwkSFXd7d18I6j0Vq2mORyUNmKeaJyAH6Tq6R-3rNIrU2At4Dgs3RizJHvoHxYqcOPhy9hg4U-Ae6E4Po_WVH8zaxX2SJ_X4W41AtA0bU_cF95CxHtEDyJVF1GJbdMk5o/s1600/CarbonEmissionMap_2009.jpg" height="350" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">And we couldn’t forget Danny Dorling’s amazing global cartograms
of CO</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">2</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"> emissions, from the Worldmapper team at <a href="http://www.worldmapper.org/">WWW.worldmapper.org</a></span> <span style="background-color: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-39353408122631714222014-01-16T00:43:00.000-05:002014-01-16T00:43:59.546-05:0012 Maps that Changed the World<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghyD6hK0HS6U4IjZMS4VxxuZDn8LRiS2sqd2zvIM8mjx1nT32r6O8Jipx9fRaS6jxalMSMYGZsOsXE2orqRu-FimjutfgHdCdVyO9CtEpiv8jrK8pF1Ea2Wf8DPmHe6L0SSScBjEXZC9k/s1600/Waldseemuller_1507_map+of+the+world.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghyD6hK0HS6U4IjZMS4VxxuZDn8LRiS2sqd2zvIM8mjx1nT32r6O8Jipx9fRaS6jxalMSMYGZsOsXE2orqRu-FimjutfgHdCdVyO9CtEpiv8jrK8pF1Ea2Wf8DPmHe6L0SSScBjEXZC9k/s1600/Waldseemuller_1507_map+of+the+world.jpg" height="354" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Waldseemuller Map of the
World, #5 in The Atlantic’s list of 12 Maps that Changed the World</span></i><br />
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><i><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">“This work by
the German cartographer Martin Waldseemuller is considered the most expensive
map in the world because, as Brotton notes, it is "America's birth
certificate"—a distinction that prompted the Library of Congress to<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i><a href="http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2003/03-110.html"><i><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: windowtext; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">buy it from a German prince</span></i></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></i></span><i><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">for $10 million. It is the first map to recognize
the Pacific Ocean and the separate continent of "America," which
Waldseemuller named in honor of the then-still-living Amerigo Vespucci, who
identified the Americas as a distinct landmass (Vespucci and Ptolemy appear at
the top of the map). The map consists of
12 woodcuts and incorporates many of the latest discoveries by European
explorers (you get the sense that the woodcutter was asked at the last minute
to make room for the Cape of Good Hope). ‘This is the moment when the world
goes bang, and all these discoveries are made over a short period of time,’
Brotton says.”</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(See also </span><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/05/geography-beach-books.html"><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: windowtext; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/05/geography-beach-books.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> for a discussion of <i>The Fourth Part of the World:</i> <i>The Race to the Ends of the Earth, and
the Epic Story of the Map that Gave America its Name</i>, a book about
the Waldseemuller map and its importance, as well as </span><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-globemakers-toolbox.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-globemakers-toolbox.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> about <i>The Globemaker’s Toolbox</i>, another recent book about the map. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">When I
mentioned this website from <i>The Atlantic</i>,
“12 Maps that Changed the World,” to some friends (non-map people), they were
rather astonished. They had a hard time
grasping the concept that maps could change the world, or even be very
important to our lives in any way. Check
out this (article from <i>The Atlantic</i>) at
</span><a href="http://m.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/12/12-maps-that-changed-the-world/282666/?google_editors_picks=true" title="http://m.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/12/12-maps-that-changed-the-world/282666/?google_editors_picks=true"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://m.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/12/12-maps-that-changed-the-world/282666/?google_editors_picks=true</span></a> <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">NOTE: Best viewed in Chrome; Internet Explorer seems to distort
the images, for some odd reason.</span> <span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Thanks, Christopher
Herrmann, for sending me the link.</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I would
agree with most of their picks - who could dispute the importance of maps by
Ptolmey, Al-Idrisi, the T-in-O Mappa Mundi, Waldseemuller, Mercator, the
Gall-Peters projection, and so forth - although a couple of their top 12 seem
rather removed from global significance, to my mind, but nevertheless they are
all fabulous maps/mapping efforts. My
list would probably be a bit different, and I don’t think I would be able to
pick just 12! (I have a problem
restricting myself!) I might have added
in or substituted the following 12 maps (in no particular order of importance):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">John Snow’s 1854
map of cholera cases in mid-19<sup>th</sup> century London, which was one of
the most significant jump starts to medical geography/spatial analysis, and the
discovery/evidence of the links between disease and environment (see my blog
post </span><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2013/03/cartographies-of-life-and-death-john.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2013/03/cartographies-of-life-and-death-john.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> on John Snow’s map). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif0bhYAaE6SmL-r37GlyjtOzI4200gLQJsWca_tJuxU9KsHcXoRK3xZTqAK3YAFMUrO6b8pHkEmCNDZjZxQJ-mBphoOpMP2O90z2N5lIQHLaaPpR_uZLy54QZg2Fq3zrjPgKNFnKf31yM/s1600/main-john-snow-map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif0bhYAaE6SmL-r37GlyjtOzI4200gLQJsWca_tJuxU9KsHcXoRK3xZTqAK3YAFMUrO6b8pHkEmCNDZjZxQJ-mBphoOpMP2O90z2N5lIQHLaaPpR_uZLy54QZg2Fq3zrjPgKNFnKf31yM/s1600/main-john-snow-map.jpg" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">John Snow’s map, pinpointing
cholera deaths and the location of public water pumps in Soho, London. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The US Public
Land Survey System (PLSS), begun in about 1785 at Thomas Jefferson’s behest, which
platted townships and sections in most of what is now the United States, and
which basically laid an imaginary grid over the whole country in the spirit of
the rational age of the Founding Fathers.
The PLSS shaped the landscape of the entire continental US (outside of
the original 13 colonies and a few other earlier-settled eastern states); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghYfTF-Btt5QSZPgnqbUhlcu0bHlta3N6n7pHsErw-hwN5Q2CFp42E8ZV2FPk4Ohmd7RFk8-91hAumtYQJ1j9zqxD5a4tjrAdpKnjTZXGXgoYvuYoMvZ3M5beTJNccprAoK0WR0xQ9NM4/s1600/Kent-1885-twp-co.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghYfTF-Btt5QSZPgnqbUhlcu0bHlta3N6n7pHsErw-hwN5Q2CFp42E8ZV2FPk4Ohmd7RFk8-91hAumtYQJ1j9zqxD5a4tjrAdpKnjTZXGXgoYvuYoMvZ3M5beTJNccprAoK0WR0xQ9NM4/s1600/Kent-1885-twp-co.jpg" height="640" width="454" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1885 Township platting of Kent,
Ohio<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The UK
Ordnance Survey (definitely!) which was extremely influential and innovative,
and set the standard for many national mapping programs (including the massive
effort of mapping the Indian subcontinent), and introduced many ground-breaking
surveying and cartographic techniques.
The OS maps are still vitally important today, and many visitors to the
UK who use the maps marvel at the extreme detail and the very large scale –
some series are 6 inches to the mile! See </span><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/08/map-addict.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/08/map-addict.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb4Ub79pLritcFLBe7sFvxUI67A5fwztMDkLgObZAoi5JR7bMJAUtoK-Cms4h4LNHvDn968YwVQ7MXzQGxjptJo0dJoFBX1hl5gxuK1MfV9PWRnNPWRM3A-zuHCu-a7sO5irK6SG1F28I/s1600/Ordnance-survey-map+Wooten+Bridge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb4Ub79pLritcFLBe7sFvxUI67A5fwztMDkLgObZAoi5JR7bMJAUtoK-Cms4h4LNHvDn968YwVQ7MXzQGxjptJo0dJoFBX1hl5gxuK1MfV9PWRnNPWRM3A-zuHCu-a7sO5irK6SG1F28I/s1600/Ordnance-survey-map+Wooten+Bridge.jpg" height="414" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Detail of an Ordnance Survey map
in the UK, the original impetus of which was military defense and intelligence
gathering. The village of Wooten Bridge,
surveyed in 1862. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">On a more
localized level, in terms of impact, the maps resulting from the surveyor’s
mapping of the Mason-Dixon Line between north and south U.S., with its very
real ramifications on people’s lives in the 19<sup>th</sup> and even 20<sup>th</sup>
centuries. The Mason-Dixon line was
surveyed in 1763-1767 in response to a border dispute between some of the American
colonies prior to the Revolutionary War.
It has become understood in the conventional wisdom to symbolize a
cultural boundary between the northern and southern states, and also served (unintentionally)
as a rough line of demarcation separating slave-holding states from states
where slavery was illegal. This line was
unofficially extended out as the country grew westerly, and the subsequent maps
that resulted depicted the country divided into slave and non-slave states, as
famously seen in the Abraham Lincoln painting of signing the Emacipation
Proclamation; </span><a href="http://www.finebooksmagazine.com/issue/1104/mason-dixon-2.phtml"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://www.finebooksmagazine.com/issue/1104/mason-dixon-2.phtml</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHggPbyx5qDRJzZrTug0W2JDH_tSzS_08yLx_ikyavhPPhF6evidegQweAVu4VBqMwwaTrzUi69Gq66sTCViWYSXpI_S65FT76aYPwTTaUpU033B8KGXJESqAnWRxTlLYTCLxHTMjF0HA/s1600/mason-dixon+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHggPbyx5qDRJzZrTug0W2JDH_tSzS_08yLx_ikyavhPPhF6evidegQweAVu4VBqMwwaTrzUi69Gq66sTCViWYSXpI_S65FT76aYPwTTaUpU033B8KGXJESqAnWRxTlLYTCLxHTMjF0HA/s1600/mason-dixon+map.jpg" height="640" width="396" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The map prepared by the surveyors
Mason and Dixon, on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society in Greenwich, UK,
using some instrumentation and methods not readily available to colonial
surveyors, which increased the accuracy of the survey. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDfZC84WGAJxEy0bg9hykgxOFpKMQBoyviZVTYUdU0UrAvD7jVzlSx5IuNdOY-Oek2CI0TOIWsyKhmHVBwCh9MYHVex1N-IrmIPISh_CWVFDtjPoOO8kW_ClYJ5qweM6_qF39ZCo_79vs/s1600/Emancipation_proclamation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDfZC84WGAJxEy0bg9hykgxOFpKMQBoyviZVTYUdU0UrAvD7jVzlSx5IuNdOY-Oek2CI0TOIWsyKhmHVBwCh9MYHVex1N-IrmIPISh_CWVFDtjPoOO8kW_ClYJ5qweM6_qF39ZCo_79vs/s1600/Emancipation_proclamation.jpg" height="390" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lincoln signing the Emancipation
Proclamation, featuring the map showing the country divided into slave and
non-slave states. The map appears at the
bottom right corner of the painting, and was made by the U.S. Coast Survey in
1861 using census data from 1860, and shows the relative prevalence of slavery
in Southern counties that year.</span></i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> <i>The painting is now hanging in the U.S. Capitol Building. </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">5.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The 1811
Commissioner’s Plan for the proposed gridiron layout of NYC, which more or less
created the real estate frenzy that continues to define New York City, not to
mention the uniquely simple and topography-erasing street pattern of Manhattan,
which persists to this day. The grid
plan for NYC was in keeping with the US PLSS, and influenced many cities to
adopt the rationality and ease of wayfinding of the grid, thus rejecting the
more organic form that most European cities had as an artifact of the mediaeval
era. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-man-who-mapped-manhattan.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-man-who-mapped-manhattan.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/03/200th-anniversary-of-commissioners-grid.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/03/200th-anniversary-of-commissioners-grid.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUBUVLNXsOyFLhOxPakrne0R893BPIwTKAEpUTdZ0PK_pXqoqZyn8kX0vb7Cx4AXE0HndhF_T1O3QIOuh3FgWC3zV77n_hZ04eX3qttID6ka0Ul8VViwS_-nQNUTX3qvLnXf2Pi7_WgjM/s1600/220px-NYC-GRID-1811.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUBUVLNXsOyFLhOxPakrne0R893BPIwTKAEpUTdZ0PK_pXqoqZyn8kX0vb7Cx4AXE0HndhF_T1O3QIOuh3FgWC3zV77n_hZ04eX3qttID6ka0Ul8VViwS_-nQNUTX3qvLnXf2Pi7_WgjM/s1600/220px-NYC-GRID-1811.png" height="640" width="222" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The 1811 Commissioners’ Grid Plan
for Manhattan<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">6.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The map that
<span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">al-Hassan ibn-Muhammad al-Wezaz
al-Fasi (aka </span>Leo Africanus) prepared for Pope Leo X in about 1520, based
on geographical knowledge from of Leo Africanus’s own extensive travels, and
which showed as never before to Western eyes the reality of northern Africa and
the Middle East. See </span><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/04/leo-africanus-15th-century-geographer.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/04/leo-africanus-15th-century-geographer.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij-uDlP-Ax9VdQxud6py60r50jTx5RawVCmxsW4d9LvA5hU-UPfNKZWxSkbsYF7Tu0-TxBLb0fquIuuiCtRCtD9R1sqZUexIhvSSFhT-Y5PkXIHxI8ZaYxxSTgUcVbrLGrmAymYBJmk1c/s1600/africanus+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij-uDlP-Ax9VdQxud6py60r50jTx5RawVCmxsW4d9LvA5hU-UPfNKZWxSkbsYF7Tu0-TxBLb0fquIuuiCtRCtD9R1sqZUexIhvSSFhT-Y5PkXIHxI8ZaYxxSTgUcVbrLGrmAymYBJmk1c/s1600/africanus+map.jpg" height="514" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A detail of the 1520 Leo
Africanus map, derived and compiled from a collection of maps Leo was traveling
with when he was captured by pirates in the Mediterranean Sea. These maps helped save Leo’s life from the
pirates, since he had no one to ransom him, and so was otherwise worthless to
them, but he did have the maps, which the pirates recognized as valuable. They sold Leo Africanus (and the maps) to the
Pope as a slave. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">7.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In that
vein, I would also have to include <i><span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The
Catalan Atlas</span></i><span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">, 1375, by
the Jewish cartographer Abraham Cresques of Majorca, Spain, which was partially
a type of Portolan navigational chart, a cutting-edge and more accurate
technique at that time, and the map was also considered to be the most complete
picture of geographical knowledge as it stood in the later Middle Ages. See: </span></span><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/04/rediscovering-african-geographies.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/04/rediscovering-african-geographies.html</span></a><span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkhpBecA98eFRQEjM_F5zQd9-bNznwkfpvb6jJHJUyG2_rq1tnqyuzFLCOIDdJScwyBhQhvb7jtnh9GX-P1xa1rnLN5D-2B75I32Cv1lAM5-bVPulms40PABEtes2zzDgJtWVo6WsMehY/s1600/Cresques_Musa_Detail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkhpBecA98eFRQEjM_F5zQd9-bNznwkfpvb6jJHJUyG2_rq1tnqyuzFLCOIDdJScwyBhQhvb7jtnh9GX-P1xa1rnLN5D-2B75I32Cv1lAM5-bVPulms40PABEtes2zzDgJtWVo6WsMehY/s1600/Cresques_Musa_Detail.jpg" height="484" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Detail
of the 1375 Catalan Atlas <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">8.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Speaking of Africa, how could we neglect to mention the
famous Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 (also known as the Congo Conference) where
Africa was divided up on a map amongst all the major European powers of the
day. That dividing-up map still
reverberates today with the borders of countries having nothing to do with
tribal areas, language or cultural groups of the indigenous peoples, dividing
people who should have been kept together, and putting together people who
didn’t want to be together, and based solely on “equitably” spreading out the
“spoils” of African resources amongst the European colonials who had footholds
in various parts of Africa by then. Many
consider this map to be the un-doing of Africa.
See </span><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/04/rediscovering-african-geographies.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/04/rediscovering-african-geographies.html</span></a><span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDcog1JLIJbPiiES2xtWf51OBMxn2nCWizWG9OkQ8N3BcaQhguGX8sYbcCGyBAZhMbuA3_OWDTXTuAE8iCcPiGI8RVCFze_Wr9BzU0SnsDdETISRasSD9djmmQMYK8mdrvrpwKNU_75kU/s1600/berlin_conference_map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDcog1JLIJbPiiES2xtWf51OBMxn2nCWizWG9OkQ8N3BcaQhguGX8sYbcCGyBAZhMbuA3_OWDTXTuAE8iCcPiGI8RVCFze_Wr9BzU0SnsDdETISRasSD9djmmQMYK8mdrvrpwKNU_75kU/s1600/berlin_conference_map.jpg" height="640" width="522" /></a></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Partition of Africa - The Berlin Conference Map of 1885<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">9.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The 1602 Matteo
Ricci map of the world. Ricci was a
Jesuit priest who traveled as a missionary to China in 1583. <span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">In
1602, Ricci and his Chinese collaborators created the first map of the world in
Chinese, now called “The Impossible Black Tulip of Cartography,” because of its
rarity, importance, and exoticism. Its name in Chinese is<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Kūnyú Wànguó Quántú</em>;
literally “A Map of the Myriad Countries of the World”; in Italian, “</span></span><i><span lang="IT" style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Carta Geografica Completa di tutti i Regni del Mondo</span></i><span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">;”
or “Complete Geographical Map of all the Kingdoms of the World,” printed in
China at the request of the Chinese Emperor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSk70dwy-qKHse0pgmqM_konODX-BuNFjcb5nRCffA-Dhvtrp2-XsUSocCHlsxlblvfvZIT3n1-0bLLIfGinVxP8M6_w2dqFgoOTCfXileHUvx3i4w1onQg7thai3rxuad9zHwAmm61Ps/s1600/1602-Ricci-Map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSk70dwy-qKHse0pgmqM_konODX-BuNFjcb5nRCffA-Dhvtrp2-XsUSocCHlsxlblvfvZIT3n1-0bLLIfGinVxP8M6_w2dqFgoOTCfXileHUvx3i4w1onQg7thai3rxuad9zHwAmm61Ps/s1600/1602-Ricci-Map.jpg" height="636" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This is a
later variation of Ricci's map.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <i><span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The original 1602 Ricci map is a very large, 5 ft (1.52 m)
high and 12 ft (3.66 m) wide, xylograph of a pseudocylindrical map projection,
showing China at the center of the known world. Its projection is similar
to the 1906 Eckert IV map. It is the first map in Chinese to show the
Americas. It was originally carved on six large blocks of wood and then
printed in brownish ink on six mulberry paper panels, similar to the making of
a folding screen</span></i><span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">.<span class="apple-converted-space"> See:<i> </i></span></span></span><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/method-of-loci-memory-palace.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/method-of-loci-memory-palace.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">10.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Olaus Magnus’s 1539 Carta Marina
– a map of the ocean showing the Northern Lands. See </span><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/04/motw-4-23-2012ultima-thule.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/04/motw-4-23-2012ultima-thule.html</span></a><span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> It is a very large map, about 5 ½ feet wide by 4
feet high. “Magnus' map of the great northland was a fantastic
achievement, its stature undeterred by the liberal use of sea monsters and
other fanciful creatures. The detail in the coastlines (as well as the
depiction of currents between Iceland and the Faroe Islands) as well as
interior features make these among the most detailed maps of the north yet
printed in the 16th century.” </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieZu2IfZFmaSMpfVu5jBXTtYNgCFq6cZG8R7zSGpWyZ0SNOTgfyC11zWwIa0MCHZ8QCJ3WVMso0kgisTXX2y5iZy2JSZf76wc9so8UI1zIMf7TnHA-utBy60yfbUNmjIPTf7xoVxqbkHM/s1600/hebrides+1539+detail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieZu2IfZFmaSMpfVu5jBXTtYNgCFq6cZG8R7zSGpWyZ0SNOTgfyC11zWwIa0MCHZ8QCJ3WVMso0kgisTXX2y5iZy2JSZf76wc9so8UI1zIMf7TnHA-utBy60yfbUNmjIPTf7xoVxqbkHM/s1600/hebrides+1539+detail.jpg" height="486" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Detail of the 1539 Carta Marina,
showing the northern islands of Scotland/Norway/Iceland (Orkneys, Faroe, Shetland). <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">11.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Joseph
Minard’s 1869 flow map showing a detailed and longitudinal view of Napoleon’s
1812 march into Russia, which ended so disastrously for the French
troops. There are a number of variables
portrayed in this 2-dimensional figure, which very beautifully conveys a
complex set of information, according to the wiki entry for Minard: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the size of the army - providing
a strong visual representation of human suffering, e.g. the sudden decrease of
the army's size at the crossing of the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Berezina" title="Battle of Berezina"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Berezina
river</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> on the
retreat;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the geographical co-ordinates,
latitude and longitude, of the army as it moved;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the direction that the army was
traveling, both in advance and in retreat, showing where units split off and
rejoined;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the location of the army with
respect to certain dates; and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the weather temperature along the
path of the retreat, in another strong visualisation of events (during the
retreat "one of the worst winters in recent memory set in").<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Jules_Marey" title="Étienne-Jules Marey"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Étienne-Jules
Marey</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> first
called notice to this dramatic depiction of the fate of Napoleon's army in the
Russian campaign, saying it "defies the pen of the historian in its brutal
eloquence"<sup>[</sup> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Tufte" title="Edward Tufte"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Edward Tufte</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> says it "may well be the
best statistical graphic ever drawn"</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> and uses it as a prime example
in <i>The Visual Display of Quantitative Information</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Wainer" title="Howard Wainer"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Howard Wainer</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> identified Minard's map as a
"gem" of information graphics, nominating it as the "World's
Champion Graph<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Minard was a
pioneering cartographic and graphic designer, creating some of the first maps
using pie graphs and other then-novel ways of mapping data. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0rykAUocElnhs8HzX7CqSy8TPHrMOVs2OKIojnoiufoKIDVbpU6nCrppDyMygRcgXdolSDFNatKMTcHY3MEO8I4qmTWx0BbpjIz3A1Ap7ltj3mn_T7VloTHYLFUwTXPFPtiDElyLz3Z4/s1600/800px-Minard.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0rykAUocElnhs8HzX7CqSy8TPHrMOVs2OKIojnoiufoKIDVbpU6nCrppDyMygRcgXdolSDFNatKMTcHY3MEO8I4qmTWx0BbpjIz3A1Ap7ltj3mn_T7VloTHYLFUwTXPFPtiDElyLz3Z4/s1600/800px-Minard.png" height="304" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Minard’s flow map/diagram of
Napoleon’s 1812-1813 march into Russia</span></i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">12.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Blue
Marble satellite image of Earth -<i> </i>In
some ways, these “pictures” of the whole earth from space have been
instrumental in revising the average human’s mindset about our puny and tenuous
existence in the universe, promoting the opposite of a geo-centric outlook,
while at the same time reminding us earth-dwellers of our possibly unique place
in the scheme of things and how fragile our planet actually is. “This NASA moving image, recorded by
satellite over a full year as part of their </span><a href="http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_cat.php?categoryID=1484"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Blue Marble Project</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, shows the ebb and flow of the
seasons and vegetation. Both are absolutely crucial factors in every facet of
human existence -- so crucial we barely even think about them. It's also a
reminder that the Earth is, for all its political and social and religious
divisions, still unified by the natural phenomena that make everything else
possible.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxNnehWMlDcEUT5fwghfjR9jPPMEcOSh4u0qGw4Z8_zs12O9zfWETpM83HroaC4aJ6Cy_ZiGpogd1VatpmO3q9bzqMSTvx0IWgc96qB6imKIeAEFXqp6Ha_1Fh5j1E3qRnGrE3FsEoZno/s1600/NASA+Blue+Marble.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxNnehWMlDcEUT5fwghfjR9jPPMEcOSh4u0qGw4Z8_zs12O9zfWETpM83HroaC4aJ6Cy_ZiGpogd1VatpmO3q9bzqMSTvx0IWgc96qB6imKIeAEFXqp6Ha_1Fh5j1E3qRnGrE3FsEoZno/s1600/NASA+Blue+Marble.gif" height="320" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The Blue Marble satellite image
of Earth</span></i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Worthy Runners-Up</span></u><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Charles
Booth’s 19<sup>th</sup> century Poverty Maps of London, perhaps the first thematic maps with extensive use of socio-economic mapping, and his exhaustive ground-truthing
methods of information gathering. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2ej59EMoOPsCL-HSGLTqwHxJrE3JELGDjji2v5qZv9UH3ABu2oKP7sNsbHp856aVAMp1ig5AJAsoJzSr1EMiIMDVo1Boj87OFXZZefo11nvfLI_0IGEriKJj_0E83pLF1eJ2fuSgIEj4/s1600/P7180262.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2ej59EMoOPsCL-HSGLTqwHxJrE3JELGDjji2v5qZv9UH3ABu2oKP7sNsbHp856aVAMp1ig5AJAsoJzSr1EMiIMDVo1Boj87OFXZZefo11nvfLI_0IGEriKJj_0E83pLF1eJ2fuSgIEj4/s1600/P7180262.JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Danny
Dorling and teams’ Worldmapper Atlas of global conditions, using his amazingly
effective and innovative cartogram technique. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">For more of
Dorling’s work, see: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/02/atlas-of-real-world-mapping-way-we-live.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/02/atlas-of-real-world-mapping-way-we-live.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/04/motw-4-9-2012grim-reapers-road-map.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/04/motw-4-9-2012grim-reapers-road-map.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.worldmapper.org/"><span style="background: #FFE599; color: windowtext;">http://www.worldmapper.org/</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZi2fW_pW4NhaaoiBWum_vrZFA2vDjSTxLtLacKlnO-s7kHrWHdiLgkQFy0Qc_wS-I2ooehnM9MyHv_P1AAxolMSuj-fi5d-hoEqj0aqtEQICsoPPifaH0R2_B_6G4MkIWi5KyN3dzm0A/s1600/dorling+cartogram.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZi2fW_pW4NhaaoiBWum_vrZFA2vDjSTxLtLacKlnO-s7kHrWHdiLgkQFy0Qc_wS-I2ooehnM9MyHv_P1AAxolMSuj-fi5d-hoEqj0aqtEQICsoPPifaH0R2_B_6G4MkIWi5KyN3dzm0A/s1600/dorling+cartogram.png" height="314" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i>World Population by Country</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">C.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Baron
Alexander Von Humboldt’s isotherm map of temperature. He developed the first isotherm maps as well
as some other interesting new ways of geo-visualizing natural data in
2-dimensions. He focused mainly on the
New World, and was an inveterate traveler, being in many cases the first person
mapping areas in South America and other parts of “The Kingdom of New Spain,”
including Mexico, Texas, and parts of what is now the American Southwest. He was also possibly the first person to
proclaim that the continent of South America “fit” into the shape of Africa,
and at one time they were probably joined landmasses. There is an important Pacific current named
after him, a cold current from Antarctica that comes up the west coast of South
America and allows penguins to thrive in the Galapagos Islands on the
Equator. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/thematic-maps/humboldt/humboldt.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/thematic-maps/humboldt/humboldt.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUCQd8D1RfqlQG9edj8LG1KHCxG2SICHuiZTAB7K0AeWCIDd4qryfGO8n3lrGSJLez7IVPGGe7xQ0htAmd-4iq5NqgY2tWgEvWkq-4fEYQC4c-ba6haZ3Y5ZOjRcGfy24KepC_otqi63Y/s1600/berghaus-vonhumbolt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUCQd8D1RfqlQG9edj8LG1KHCxG2SICHuiZTAB7K0AeWCIDd4qryfGO8n3lrGSJLez7IVPGGe7xQ0htAmd-4iq5NqgY2tWgEvWkq-4fEYQC4c-ba6haZ3Y5ZOjRcGfy24KepC_otqi63Y/s1600/berghaus-vonhumbolt.jpg" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">First map of isotherms, showing mean temperature around the world by
latitude and longitude. Recognizing that temperature depends more on latitude
and altitude, a subscripted graph shows the direct relation of temperature on
these two variables<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">D.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dr. Robert
Perry’s 1844 maps of fever epidemic as connected with socio-economic and
housing conditions in Glasgow, Scotland. One of the first of its kind, and pre-dates
the influential John Snow cholera maps by a decade, and the Charles Booth
Poverty Maps by 40 years. The map <span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">uses local
medical reports, statistical tables and a color-coded map of the city to
highlight the link between poor sanitation, poverty, and poor health. It
is an excellent example of early thematic mapping, and pre-dates both Charles
Booth’s Poverty Maps of London (1886-1903), and John Snow’s cholera maps of
Soho, London (1854). Perry’s map, with different neighborhood areas
colored differently to designate the severity of the epidemic, made it obvious
that the effects of the epidemic were not distributed evenly throughout the
city, but disproportionately affected the poorest, most densely settled areas,
where as many as 20% of the population had succumbed to the disease. See
more on Robert Perry and the 1843 fever epidemic </span><span style="background: #FFE599; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">at <a href="http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/feb2006.html"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/feb2006.html</span></a></span>.
Also see <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/01/map-of-week-1-9-2012old-glasgow.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/01/map-of-week-1-9-2012old-glasgow.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIWxfpv68YejE_wWy7pUVH3SyOeOz23yJzLzjSa8Z1N8Y-cQEN8URDmqbToDQx3cwCq7OTfT1Om78GE4qqytJqZx-LeNVqsOBoUndCciJSl7Yl5Zpt3xLr1XQF1abNriy_Y1Iw_qzElzI/s1600/detail+of+sanitary+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIWxfpv68YejE_wWy7pUVH3SyOeOz23yJzLzjSa8Z1N8Y-cQEN8URDmqbToDQx3cwCq7OTfT1Om78GE4qqytJqZx-LeNVqsOBoUndCciJSl7Yl5Zpt3xLr1XQF1abNriy_Y1Iw_qzElzI/s1600/detail+of+sanitary+map.jpg" height="576" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Detail of the Fever Map, showing
fever cases<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">E.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">German
propaganda maps from the 1930’s which helped sway opinion as to the
righteousness of Germany occupying neighboring countries to allow for their
famous “elbow room” to grow the German race and reclaim formerly German
territories. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4GpdAKzQc_RMEFBCX-jgkaMIPguo1xKbncdBNwARq4bByE1owgy8r23BR20vqyauAn0fvAv5uHuReGM7FoFN4SoTStjXdCnkIBQ3g30qmBQiN8a6R81-Ng9O6lFJU4_HB1WbSIcz86AE/s1600/fig11_03.tif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4GpdAKzQc_RMEFBCX-jgkaMIPguo1xKbncdBNwARq4bByE1owgy8r23BR20vqyauAn0fvAv5uHuReGM7FoFN4SoTStjXdCnkIBQ3g30qmBQiN8a6R81-Ng9O6lFJU4_HB1WbSIcz86AE/s1600/fig11_03.tif" height="232" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Univers-Bold; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Typical
propaganda map symbols: (a) arrows represent pressure on Germany from all
sides; (b) circle signifies the encirclement of Germany before and after WWI;
(c) pincers personify the pressure against Germany from France and Poland from
the west and east.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Of course,
my list is heavy on the historically significant maps, and unfortunately this
means that I have given short shrift to modern-day cartographers and
geovisualizers, mainly because they haven’t had sufficient time to demonstrate
their importance yet! There are all
kinds of potentially influential maps being produced today, which is, of course, part of what my blog attempts to bring to light. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In 2010, the
British Library had an exhibit on the World’s Greatest Maps. For their picks, see: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1272921/Ten-greatest-maps-changed-world.html"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1272921/Ten-greatest-maps-changed-world.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-45058765443412059232014-01-13T23:36:00.000-05:002014-01-13T23:36:25.654-05:00Impressive Events of 2013, in geo-images<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigr31ydz86a7-kHJcZyXAd9VYmefiWb7IrwA3bItuULb96A_5fJBsnR92EsktuTqalLI0onLDwp2sCBxm6JGvAoyLdmhRcp_fYdCIH0uCaqH6rs2X3U0Jj5SR-jc2fHcLUkEnGE4nfcgA/s1600/2013Flooding+in+Mozambique.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigr31ydz86a7-kHJcZyXAd9VYmefiWb7IrwA3bItuULb96A_5fJBsnR92EsktuTqalLI0onLDwp2sCBxm6JGvAoyLdmhRcp_fYdCIH0uCaqH6rs2X3U0Jj5SR-jc2fHcLUkEnGE4nfcgA/s640/2013Flooding+in+Mozambique.gif" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">2013 in
pictures</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">For all you extreme
meteorological/geological events geeks, here are some amazing images of
noteworthy events that took place in 2013.
The geographer-at-large blog seems to be on a roll of re-capping the
year gone by, so here is another retrospective view of 2013.
The captions and text explanations of the images are in Dutch (oh! Excuse
me! Flemish – it’s a Belgian website) but
I think the pictures speak for themselves.
And they are truly magnificent – a sobering reminder, if one is needed, of
the beauty and the power of the forces beyond our control. <a href="http://eoedu.belspo.be/nl/news-index.htm?goback=%2Egde_53689_member_5828090886810017795#%21">http://eoedu.belspo.be/nl/news-index.htm?goback=%2Egde_53689_member_5828090886810017795#%21</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com33tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-78367489552379965572014-01-03T13:16:00.000-05:002014-01-03T13:16:45.226-05:00Best maps of 2013<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC-GxCUcYyuRvdQgRknib5rQykXV-sJVt56iVxxyvqP2U-JEhpCR_MYLW2Sn_gXFKB3bS4Qt_ohXvW9AzbgxLc0EjXABVZkodzZ2607Ssn_C2_f9jSkEYbdKKi32uP0a1KOH5Wj0PQftU/s1600/windglobe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC-GxCUcYyuRvdQgRknib5rQykXV-sJVt56iVxxyvqP2U-JEhpCR_MYLW2Sn_gXFKB3bS4Qt_ohXvW9AzbgxLc0EjXABVZkodzZ2607Ssn_C2_f9jSkEYbdKKi32uP0a1KOH5Wj0PQftU/s640/windglobe.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">“The
image above is a screenshot from an <a href="http://earth.nullschool.net/">amazing
interactive global map</a> of near-real-time wind pattern forecasts, based on
data from the <a href="http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/">Global Forecast System</a>.
Cameron Beccario, inspired by last year's extremely popular <a href="http://hint.fm/wind/">U.S. wind map</a>, built this visualization using
D3 and other javascript modules. The interactive version is really fun to play
with by turning the globe with your mouse, and the patterns are nothing short
of mesmerizing. It's maps like these that make us <a href="http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/12/make-better-maps-with-d3/">really
want to learn how to code</a>.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">We are starting off the New Year
with Wired Science’s Best Maps of 2013. Or,
as they titled them, “The Most Amazing, Beautiful, and Viral Maps of the Year.”
A great selection, and of the 15 maps they featured, 3 are about New York
City. I found this one, NYC Henge, to be
particularly interesting. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIBCzANxG4V124fQQhPAAnxZ2bvdo777nCXN248tmwn9IvI-cJOUSClpyZ7XGDUnKNMVY9bENKiuAmN2hmWFZaeoFswm_T7OoGrYSojUDt4ArEnQtbl7VvXsLRY6f64RLrXiv72hTg3hE/s1600/NYChenge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIBCzANxG4V124fQQhPAAnxZ2bvdo777nCXN248tmwn9IvI-cJOUSClpyZ7XGDUnKNMVY9bENKiuAmN2hmWFZaeoFswm_T7OoGrYSojUDt4ArEnQtbl7VvXsLRY6f64RLrXiv72hTg3hE/s640/NYChenge.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div nodeindex="1" sizcache008360620327990942="2" sizset="150" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">“Twice a year, the
setting sun lines up with the street grid of New York City's Manhattan,
creating an incredible show and a free-for-all for amateur photographers. The
phenomenon is known as Manhattanhenge, but the map above, dubbed <a href="http://nychenge.com/">NYCHenge</a> and made by <a href="http://javisantana.com/">Javier Santana</a> shows when and where the show
can be caught all across New York City, any day of the year.” <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">See <a href="http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/12/the-best-maps-of-2013/?viewall=true">http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/12/the-best-maps-of-2013/?viewall=true</a>
for all the best maps. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-46057260116570952602013-03-30T14:16:00.001-04:002013-03-30T14:16:25.831-04:00Cartographies of Life and Death: John Snow<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXR_pdGuEgmdYgbaCd38lQUhnhVjvcWYXBjFWOFXTLv8zUqOU1dIF6WjmjWreMnSPEeLeHnHnO9XU9BYQqsvbPSERm4CIHOgP881_rGK3Yf_9mOMhBNVa7yXxyCUdl_e5n4MC5uWEMdBc/s1600/snow-intimate-mixture-supply.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXR_pdGuEgmdYgbaCd38lQUhnhVjvcWYXBjFWOFXTLv8zUqOU1dIF6WjmjWreMnSPEeLeHnHnO9XU9BYQqsvbPSERm4CIHOgP881_rGK3Yf_9mOMhBNVa7yXxyCUdl_e5n4MC5uWEMdBc/s640/snow-intimate-mixture-supply.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #1d1d1d; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.55pt;">John Snow, ‘Intimate
Mixture of the Water Supply of the Lambeth with that of the Southwark and
Vauxhall Company, 1854’ from</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="color: #1d1d1d; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.55pt;"> </span><i style="color: #1d1d1d; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.55pt;">On the
Mode of Communication of Cholera</i><span style="color: #1d1d1d; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.55pt;">, 1855. </span><span style="color: #1d1d1d; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.55pt;"> </span><span style="color: #1d1d1d; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.55pt;">LSHTM Library & Archives</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #1d1d1d;">“The second edition of Snow's inquiry was
greatly expanded to include two maps – incidentally, the only two of his
career. Snow intended this map of the
water supply in South London to be the centrepiece of his study – often termed<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The Grand Experiment</span></i><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #1d1d1d;">. It involved a mammoth on-foot investigation of
32 sub-districts of South London, supplied by two different water companies
drawing water from different parts of the Thames – one polluted with
contaminated water. Snow showed that
those residents supplied by the polluted source were several times more likely
to contract cholera. This demonstrated
Snow's intuitive understanding of epidemiological principles: the groups
exposed and not exposed to the contaminated water were very similar in every
other respect, and large numbers were involved.” From the London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine’s Exhibit on Dr. John Snow, on the 200<sup>th</sup> Anniversary of his
birth in 1813. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">I am not sure how I missed THIS
important milestone, but March 15<sup>th</sup>, 2013 was the 200<sup>th</sup>
anniversary of the birth of Dr. John Snow (1813-1858), the 19<sup>th</sup>
century London anaesthesiologist who is considered to be the father of
epidemiology and has become an iconic figure in public health. He famously mapped the victims of a cholera
epidemic in relationship to the locations of public water sources, and in the
process, made the connections between the disease and contaminated water. Until then, most medical professionals and
the general public thought that cholera was caused by breathing unhealthy “miasma,”
so rather than dealing with the root problems of a water-borne disease, they
were under the mistaken impression that it was spread by air, and focused their
attention to dealing with that problem instead of worrying about the water they
were drinking. </span></div>
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<i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAi4Pxew6dyZbmDagCiPyIGrwxnv_MMrVJsw-jTi4n51ameM69OSmi7Pty3nsKSag9-coQpHX-pzbA5N6qVFZtdtr76RKK15FsnMoSsFxgMNAeZ9miubKvN8ZMrgujUZ7pQQP297YXdgg/s1600/main-john-snow-map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #ffe599; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAi4Pxew6dyZbmDagCiPyIGrwxnv_MMrVJsw-jTi4n51ameM69OSmi7Pty3nsKSag9-coQpHX-pzbA5N6qVFZtdtr76RKK15FsnMoSsFxgMNAeZ9miubKvN8ZMrgujUZ7pQQP297YXdgg/s640/main-john-snow-map.jpg" width="640" /></a></i></div>
<i><span style="background-color: #ffe599; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #1d1d1d;">Snow
prepared this version of the Broad Street map for a report to go before the
Board of Health. The map shows his
original and innovative contribution to the field of disease mapping. The
subtle inclusion of a dotted black 'Voronoi' line indicating the equidistant
walking points between pumps helped to demonstrate Snow's theory that the Broad
Street pump was the origin of the epidemic.</span></i><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfXGtY3OxK-f94XhAmzndcaqqkHL15dhuAI5Vf9ZmnWWX8xdxefvjs7ID8t8zGOZ0L3lKrb32RtOmwO9ZGKk_hIrg6ox3VHxw1cpnPzPt1yc_T8WoC-r0kZ8X4nBIhpY09xhxOdjod1Z0/s1600/william-farr-elevations.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfXGtY3OxK-f94XhAmzndcaqqkHL15dhuAI5Vf9ZmnWWX8xdxefvjs7ID8t8zGOZ0L3lKrb32RtOmwO9ZGKk_hIrg6ox3VHxw1cpnPzPt1yc_T8WoC-r0kZ8X4nBIhpY09xhxOdjod1Z0/s640/william-farr-elevations.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #1d1d1d;">William Farr, “Diagram Representing
the Mortality from Cholera in Different Elevations, 1848–1849” from <i>Report
on the Mortality of Cholera in England</i>, 1840–50. Wellcome Library, London<b>. </b></span><span style="color: #1d1d1d;">Farr's Report offers some
exceptional visual explanations of cholera mortality data. Contrary to Snow,
Farr's analysis was leading him to the conclusion that elevation above sea
level was the key factor in the communication of cholera. Whilst his diagram clearly shows the
relationship between lower ground elevation and higher mortality, this
association was due to differences in water sources in these locations. It is a reminder of how visualizations
containing false associations have the power to mislead us.</span> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><o:p> </o:p> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Right now at the London School for
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, an exhibit has been mounted detailing the
detective story behind Dr. Snow’s map, and the influence his map has had in the
world. <a href="http://johnsnowbicentenary.lshtm.ac.uk/">http://johnsnowbicentenary.lshtm.ac.uk/</a>
The hypothesis Dr. Snow was attempting
to test involved much more than the mapping exercise, obviously, as important
as that map was. The map was based on a meticulous
recording of all the cholera deaths in the Soho neighborhood, and some
impressive footwork investigating from where various residences and
institutions got their water. So his
analysis wasn’t just based on simple distance proximity, as it was discovered
that many of the larger commercial establishments and so forth had their own private
water supply, even though they were in close proximity to what turned out to be
the culprit public water pump. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXUdbtgWldttt4UB_T-Q5Wo0KzsQkJ0fQtJmhyphenhyphentI_qAkLKbJkagZNlhfHqr-GNj-frsfBwf3NgBZj0mucPo1m6RtaqVLv31h5SvxXMBiC6NGUGnSEV4ycutDRwNg09XvNK4IGfxsZ2bj4/s1600/monmonier+cholera+aggregation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #ffe599; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXUdbtgWldttt4UB_T-Q5Wo0KzsQkJ0fQtJmhyphenhyphentI_qAkLKbJkagZNlhfHqr-GNj-frsfBwf3NgBZj0mucPo1m6RtaqVLv31h5SvxXMBiC6NGUGnSEV4ycutDRwNg09XvNK4IGfxsZ2bj4/s1600/monmonier+cholera+aggregation.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #444444;"><i>From Mark Monmonier's seminal (1991) book "How to Lie with Maps"</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #444444;"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #444444;">Of course, one of the abiding
drawbacks to Dr. Snow’s map was the fact that it is essentially a dot density
map, and as has been noted by many cartographers, a dot density map often
portrays nothing more than the underlying population density – you can not
generally infer any information about the actual rate or proportion of the
variable being mapped. So what looks to
be a “hot spot” of the disease or other variable on the map may be nothing more
than an indication that there is the underlying concentration of people there, and
nothing useful can be gleaned about the variable of interest. In the case of Soho, however, this was less
important than it would ordinarily be, since Soho as a whole was very densely
populated, and likely the entire area has a similar enough population density
per square mile or per acre. </span></span></div>
<h2 style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The
exhibit points out that it was a commonly held belief during the social and
political unrest prevalent with the outbreak of the cholera epidemic that the
disease was a scare tactic dreamt up by the government to keep people in line, or
that the disease was invented (or actively disseminated to the poor) by those
in power for nefarious purposes, or even that the disease didn’t really exist
at all. There were even popular songs
and poems along these conspiracy-theory lines and broadsheets published, including
ones such as </span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><i>Cholera
Humbug! The Arrival and Departure of the
Cholera Morbus.</i><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0.5in;">These
broadsheets denigrated public health officials’ efforts to stem and contain the
disease, and encouraged popular resistance against the political and medical authorities. Unfortunately, these same kinds of attitudes
still prevail in many parts of the world today, most noticeably pertaining to
AIDS and sexually-transmitted diseases. </span></span></span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">And for some interesting things
about the data itself, see the UK Guardian’s DataBlog post at </span><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2013/mar/15/john-snow-cholera-map" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2013/mar/15/john-snow-cholera-map</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #444444;">You can download the actual data collected by John Snow and
his associates and play around with it, creating new visualizations and
aggregations, and see for yourselves how incredible a feat Dr. Snow’s analysis
really was, given he accomplished all this by hand and on foot. No computers, GPS, telephone surveys, or
Twitter tweets tracking. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">There are a few highly readable
books on the cholera mapping story, most notably “<i>Ghost Map: The Story of London’s Most Terrifying Epidemic and how it
Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World</i>,” by Steven Johnson (2007). Another, more critical, account of this
seminal mapping project forms the basis of Tom Koch’s “<i>Cartographies of Disease: Maps, Mapping, and Medicine</i>,” (2005), ESRI
Press. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrsM0WXjl6KsAYhZO3of3K0IWBgwdSnGGRoAy6NHy3UsgnWiGPoIl7Vhd0tQweVxLkpinj9Tbw-lhJWAbIGxU6eh40FE8YE_-jXoQ_JQ0jCiJ9tWbueCxnZA5NR50LGCj_zeJcG2FTxz4/s1600/detail+of+sanitary+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #ffe599; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrsM0WXjl6KsAYhZO3of3K0IWBgwdSnGGRoAy6NHy3UsgnWiGPoIl7Vhd0tQweVxLkpinj9Tbw-lhJWAbIGxU6eh40FE8YE_-jXoQ_JQ0jCiJ9tWbueCxnZA5NR50LGCj_zeJcG2FTxz4/s640/detail+of+sanitary+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Detail of Dr. Perry’s
1844 map of the fever epidemic in Glasgow.
This shows three of the districts most seriously affected by the
epidemic, bordered by Stockwell Street, Bridegate Street, Trongate, and
Saltmarket, right near where I used to live!
The dots represent the locations of the fever victims. </i></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">John Snow’s map has been called The
Map that Changed the World. Most people
(if they know about Dr. Snow at all) believe that his cholera map is the first
example of disease data mapping for analytical purposes. This is not the case, even though his map may
be the most well-known and celebrated.
Not to take anything away from Dr. Snow, but a decade or so earlier, in
1844, a Glaswegian surgeon at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary named Dr. Robert Perry,
mapped a fever epidemic in Glasgow (detail shown above), and used it to make connections amongst
poverty, bad housing, poor sanitation and environmental conditions, and
disease. <a href="http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/feb2006.html">http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/feb2006.html</a>
</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">The exhibit ends with some more
recent examples of disease data mapping, showing the important legacy of Dr.
Snow’s work, and how maps continue to help us combat disease and understand the
relationship between health and environmental and social conditions. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZS76O08tvZOgmLFsAqPhQ29r7WYTiBN5sRWjSx7tTlpdmUNDyREA-Gz4L096QMl4V1fFHNFBVPd58uuhiPppVarmPr0YGxGnQRxbkkkPGaN0fFj5GLQMIIPaZ21fko8Z2K3iTDZk7e-U/s1600/vale-map-trypanosomiasis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #ffe599; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZS76O08tvZOgmLFsAqPhQ29r7WYTiBN5sRWjSx7tTlpdmUNDyREA-Gz4L096QMl4V1fFHNFBVPd58uuhiPppVarmPr0YGxGnQRxbkkkPGaN0fFj5GLQMIIPaZ21fko8Z2K3iTDZk7e-U/s640/vale-map-trypanosomiasis.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><i><span style="color: #1d1d1d; font-size: 12pt;">Dr Vale Massey's Map showing trypanosomiasis areas and distribution of
Glossina palpalis and moristans brought up to 14 February 1907 in the Belgian
Congo, Africa</span></i><span style="color: #1d1d1d; font-size: 12pt;">. 1907,
hand-drawn. LSHTM Library & Archives.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #1d1d1d;">Early public health was arguably more concerned
with the protection of British interests overseas rather than serving the
well-being of local populations, as evidenced in this map of Sleeping Sickness
in the Belgian Congo. The map was used
in Commonwealth Office meetings to highlight how the disease was spreading
along the banks of rivers towards areas of British gold mining interest and the
need for strategies to stop this.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSX1MEm1SVR2ffFdX1Bi0rMJh1b7uZS4ja9CVC1PkyXGOaurkYOT0TpGo1Iit5CLKz21xV7AAyMXkwzQKBbuMPwLn2ebE9XxwjzhJxlPM0hnDD-UJIMR3CLzlKlBK9q66Jm0JywaNH-TI/s1600/baghdad-malaria-1942.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #ffe599; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="460" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSX1MEm1SVR2ffFdX1Bi0rMJh1b7uZS4ja9CVC1PkyXGOaurkYOT0TpGo1Iit5CLKz21xV7AAyMXkwzQKBbuMPwLn2ebE9XxwjzhJxlPM0hnDD-UJIMR3CLzlKlBK9q66Jm0JywaNH-TI/s640/baghdad-malaria-1942.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><i><span style="color: #1d1d1d; font-size: 12pt;">Iraq malaria survey maps: Baghdad area</span></i><span style="color: #1d1d1d; font-size: 12pt;">. LSHTM
Library & Archives.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #1d1d1d;">The striking graphic nature of this map
highlights the urban environment's hidden danger zones of disease. The dark red areas denote extreme risk, pink
high and green slight risk areas.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV7yAmX_OwUE7q_AmKwphqOeIBFhDd0Wq7JLuFtX3hH_N8x3ataJD7Stvw9mccb4ML4LdsFTl8yv-EBsLy68ZDofGwVO31pp2CWIs6n6mQppkgBR4VIEyCEenzhgW9BKXyPkIXA6ZR1Uc/s1600/Haiti+cholera+map+2013.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #ffe599; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV7yAmX_OwUE7q_AmKwphqOeIBFhDd0Wq7JLuFtX3hH_N8x3ataJD7Stvw9mccb4ML4LdsFTl8yv-EBsLy68ZDofGwVO31pp2CWIs6n6mQppkgBR4VIEyCEenzhgW9BKXyPkIXA6ZR1Uc/s640/Haiti+cholera+map+2013.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidJLt7Dj6DVFoPAjxTe_j7nQ_i1-7vqajNwAsH4BRV13WzgvFrrWymBZtPt8NsF3C3b_A3z8dRHDonbUZ7HORQIT35GY7XRJGjUklAEWe2KoyeK3sDmtzowTUjYPwA0c-HVbVV-8d6kzo/s1600/haiti+cholera+map+2013+roads.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #ffe599; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidJLt7Dj6DVFoPAjxTe_j7nQ_i1-7vqajNwAsH4BRV13WzgvFrrWymBZtPt8NsF3C3b_A3z8dRHDonbUZ7HORQIT35GY7XRJGjUklAEWe2KoyeK3sDmtzowTUjYPwA0c-HVbVV-8d6kzo/s640/haiti+cholera+map+2013+roads.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; color: #1d1d1d;">In 2010 after an earthquake had devastated the island of
Haiti, the cholera bacillus appeared, perhaps associated with UN soldiers. It contaminated water sources, resulting in an
outbreak that killed over 7,000 people. Cholera
is still prevalent to this day returning after each rainy season.</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599; color: #1d1d1d;">Ludovic Dupuis, Ivan Gayton and
Ruby Siddiqui from Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and Chris Grundy from LSHTM
mapped and spatially analysed the outbreak in the hope of tracking how the
outbreak was spreading. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">You can take a virtual tour through
the John Snow exhibit at the LSHTM at <a href="http://www.johnsnow.org.uk/mobile-map/gallery-map.html">http://www.johnsnow.org.uk/mobile-map/gallery-map.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">A review “The
lie of the land: Mark Monmonier on maps, technology and social change,”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">of Mark Monmonier’s books and ideas on mapping, including
some words on the Snow map: <a href="http://www.academia.edu/215151/Mark_Monmonier_on_maps_and_mapping">http://www.academia.edu/215151/Mark_Monmonier_on_maps_and_mapping</a>
</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Thanks, Rafael Pereira of Urban
Demographics, for pointing out the link to Dr. Snow’s birthday. </span></div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-79140306241428475812013-03-26T21:41:00.000-04:002013-03-26T21:56:46.775-04:00The Globemaker’s Toolbox<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixqg6xu_Wi395ErkEAPnie7bFuRFIWneo27S1ewBuF3qDB7M4Bh00U9qynNdO-JSHzCRN9ts0TCiddy8nZIFyXCqHVYa7KAMHcPS8iLOQscbAr_urlQ5kxZBqzuWmwClJr80nv2ELEBN0/s1600/waldseemuller+1507+plate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixqg6xu_Wi395ErkEAPnie7bFuRFIWneo27S1ewBuF3qDB7M4Bh00U9qynNdO-JSHzCRN9ts0TCiddy8nZIFyXCqHVYa7KAMHcPS8iLOQscbAr_urlQ5kxZBqzuWmwClJr80nv2ELEBN0/s640/waldseemuller+1507+plate.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<i>Waldseemüller World Map (detail) – Library of Congress - </i><i>A plate of the 1507 world map made by
the clerics Martin Waldseemüller and Mathias Ringmann.</i><br />
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<i> </i> One of
the best cartographic mysteries of all time involves the 1507 Waldseemüller map of the
world. One of the first world maps to
show the New World, the only remaining print of it languished for centuries,
hidden in the library of a remote castle in Germany, rediscovered only in
1901. The importance of the map, among other things,
is that it is believed to be the first world map to name the American continents
“America,” after Amerigo Vespucci, whom the map makers believed was the actual
discoverer of the land. </div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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There is an excellent book about the seminal Waldseemüller map,
called <i>The Fourth Part of the World: The
Race to the Ends of the Earth, and the Epic Story of the Map that Gave America
its Name</i> by Toby Lester (2009). Some
of you may recall that I mentioned this book in my blog post listing good Geography
Beach Books, and it is a worthy read. In
fact, everything on that list is a worthy read, and I intend to update that
list for your summer reading pleasure with all the many new and interesting geography-related
books that have arrived in the interim. <o:p></o:p></div>
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There
is now a new book out on the story of the Waldseemüller
map and the young protégé, Johannes Schöner,<i>
</i>who made an accurate globe based on it.
The book is called <i>A Renaissance
Globemaker’s Toolbox: Johannes Schöner and the Revolution of Modern Science
1475-1550, </i>by John Hessler. It is unknown how the map
makers produced the outline of South America so accurately at such an early
date, prior to the voyages of discovery that would have provided that
information. That is also one of the map’s
mysteries. One of my favorite quotes
from the book is what Waldseemüller himself wrote about the map, in order to
prepare map readers for the strange sights they would see on his map: “if you
are not familiar with the new discoveries, do not be afraid of what it is you
see on this map, for it is how you will come to see your world in the future.” Isn’t that the dream for any cartographer, to
be able to produce a map that will open our eyes to new possibilities, a new
world, a new future? <o:p></o:p></div>
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I am pasting below the excellent NYT
article by one of my favorite science writers, John Noble Wilford, about the
map, the book, Waldseemüller, Schöner, and the incredible world they found
themselves in at the dawn of the 16<sup>th</sup> century. <i><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0NvPCFWjxGLpRKSHpY3w9Cj8teeWexMe_-7SpHKrnAUTM3HiR82KR7WUaU1qvQNrg-SucEYAPM9S9-71g7lpcX4VHA96hO58S3kSzDTw3zirlhQT3K-NzNSUs4CcwcYmMq0JaRwsdx3k/s1600/globemakers+toolbox.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0NvPCFWjxGLpRKSHpY3w9Cj8teeWexMe_-7SpHKrnAUTM3HiR82KR7WUaU1qvQNrg-SucEYAPM9S9-71g7lpcX4VHA96hO58S3kSzDTw3zirlhQT3K-NzNSUs4CcwcYmMq0JaRwsdx3k/s640/globemakers+toolbox.jpg" width="640" /></a></i></div>
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<i>Why America Is Called
America</i> by
John Noble Wilford</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>A DECADE
AGO</b>, the Library of Congress
paid $10 million to acquire the only known original copy of a 1507 world map
that has been called “the birth certificate of America.” The large map, a
masterpiece of woodblock printing, has been a star attraction at the library ever
since and the object of revived scholarly fascination about the earliest
cartography of the New World. The
research has also rescued from obscurity a little-known Renaissance man, the
16th-century globe maker Johannes Schöner, who was responsible for saving the
map for posterity. <o:p></o:p></div>
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We call
ourselves Americans today because of the map’s makers, Martin Waldseemüller and
Mathias Ringmann, young clerics in the cathedral village of St.-Dié, France. By incorporating early New World discoveries,
their map reached beyond the canonical descriptions of Old World geography
handed down from Ptolemy in the second century. On a lower stretch of the southern continent,
the mapmakers inscribed the name “America” in the mistaken belief that Amerigo
Vespucci, not Columbus, deserved credit for first sighting a part of that
continent, South America. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Or
possibly they favored Vespucci because he held more firmly to the growing
consensus that this was indeed a New World, not the Indies (as Columbus so
wanted to believe), and because he wrote more colorfully than Columbus about
the people he encountered. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The map
is also the source of an abiding mystery. How did Waldseemüller and Ringmann already
know so well the configuration of South America, before any recorded Spanish or
Portuguese voyages around the horn to the west coast? How did they know of the
Pacific before Balboa made his sighting in 1513? Hard to believe it was just a guess or
futuristic vision of what world geography would come to be. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Were the
cartographers themselves dropping a hint when they wrote on the map that “if
you are not familiar with the new discoveries, do not be afraid of what it is
you see on this map, for it is how you will come to see your world in the
future”? <o:p></o:p></div>
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Five
years ago, John W. Hessler, a historian of cartography at the library,
published “The Naming of America,” an account of the map’s importance in post-Ptolemy
geography, its disappearance for centuries and its rediscovery in a castle near
the Black Forest in southwestern Germany. Now, Dr. Hessler has dug deeper into the
dynamic of the years between Columbus, in 1492, and Copernicus, in 1543. Science and exploration were stretching minds
to distant horizons, once unknown. Copernican
astronomy was about to dislodge Earth from the center of the universe, a start
to the Scientific Revolution. <o:p></o:p></div>
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His new
book, “A Renaissance Globemaker’s Toolbox,” is not able to solve the mapmakers’
enduring mystery. But it is a richly
illustrated delight to the eye. I advise
a slow tour of the maps, drawings, marginal notes and other material remains of
Schöner’s wide-ranging mind. Read the
informative captions, then begin the text. <o:p></o:p></div>
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General
readers will find the accounts of Schöner’s place in history and the
preservation of the map lucid and fascinating. Parts of more technical chapters, like the
instructions on making a terrestrial globe, appear to be written more for the
author’s academic peers than for many laypeople. And of necessity, this is hardly a
flesh-and-blood biography, as the archives are largely silent about Schöner’s
personal life. <o:p></o:p></div>
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We do see
a print of a bearded, heavyset man and read a brief diary entry about him as a
young Catholic cleric with a relaxed view of celibacy: he entered into a
relationship with a woman that produced three children. One can thus understand his conversion to
Protestantism in Martin Luther’s Reformation. That led him to the professorship
in mathematics at Nuremberg, which he held to his death in 1547. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Dr.
Hessler leaned heavily on Schöner’s personal archive of correspondence and
manuscripts, books and maps, including corrections and comments in the margins.
He was into everything in science: completing two world globes in his prime,
drawing celestial maps and globes and preparing horoscopes, one even for a
Hapsburg emperor. Not another Leonardo
da Vinci, but who was? <o:p></o:p></div>
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“ Rather than a producer of theories,” Dr. Hessler observes,
Schöner “was instead a disseminator, a compiler and a transmitter of the new
science and mathematics.” Yes, something
of a pack rat, but one with a sharp eye for what was likely to be of importance
in the future. This attribute cast Schöner as savior of the 1507 world map. His
practice was to gather and bind portfolios of his compiled materials. One of
these, now called Schöner Sammelband (meaning “gathering”), preserved the
“America” map. There it passed from hand to hand, all the other original prints
disappeared, and Schöner’s was lost for more than 300 years. Most of the bound
portfolios wound up in a Vienna library, but one languished in a German castle,
unrecognized, until a Jesuit priest found it in 1901 — thence to the United
States in 2003. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Nothing
in the book points up more clearly Schöner’s pivotal place in a world in
transition from the medieval to the modern than his residual interest in
astrology and his awakening curiosity when he apparently heard reports of a new
theory being formulated by a Polish Catholic cleric. A brilliant young student
of Schöner’s, Georg Joachim Rheticus, went to see Copernicus in 1539 and
learned more about the Earth orbiting the Sun. Rheticus then composed a short
treatise, written in the form of a letter to his teacher, “most illustrious and
learned” Johannes Schöner. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The
publication, widely circulated in Europe, was the first definitive account of
the new Copernican system of the heavens. <o:p></o:p></div>
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For an excerpt of a few
pages from the book <i>The Globemaker’s Toolbox</i>, see the NYT at: <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/26/science/excerpt-a-renaissance-globemakers-toolbox.html?adxnnl=1&ref=science&adxnnlx=1364317493-ETQgvi/Krg4OwoUoiH9+Xw"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-transform: uppercase;">http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/26/science/excerpt-a-renaissance-globemakers-toolbox.html?adxnnl=1&ref=science&adxnnlx=1364317493-ETQgvi/Krg4OwoUoiH9+Xw</span></a>
<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGkwGrD_W5RwFbwS_thAPrZ30AF2aczbIL9tCbKS0kZDUAD43o3m_piWtGjDEieeKSGodAiWBXtYUWoFvXnMEUhIrWlnF_GpNN2KwrkgYo9owuvnpor-XV9FJbyZPe0aN0Bti2OhiXTks/s1600/Waldseemuller_map_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGkwGrD_W5RwFbwS_thAPrZ30AF2aczbIL9tCbKS0kZDUAD43o3m_piWtGjDEieeKSGodAiWBXtYUWoFvXnMEUhIrWlnF_GpNN2KwrkgYo9owuvnpor-XV9FJbyZPe0aN0Bti2OhiXTks/s640/Waldseemuller_map_2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">The wall map consists of twelve sections printed from
woodcuts measuring 18 x 24.5 inches. Each section is one of four horizontally
and three vertically, when assembled. The
map uses a modified Ptolemaic<span class="apple-converted-space"> Map
projection</span> with curved meridians to depict the
entire surface of the Earth. In the
upper-mid part of the main map there is inset another, miniature world map
representing to some extent an alternative view of the world. The full title of the map is<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Universalis cosmographia secundum
Ptholomaei traditionem et Americi Vespucii aliorumque lustrationes </i>("The
Universal Cosmography according to the Tradition of Ptolemy and the Discoveries
of Amerigo Vespucci and others" - amongst the "others" being Columbus - who gets short shrift in the naming of the continents!). The map is held by the US Library of Congress, and a facsimile is on display there. </span><span style="background-color: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcIw_Kdc3o2tdH1glFNDEzJkw-5NsIAffaSKG17X4t12pJnOBhfPBrjN1mMFL91y3gshSy64SS1UWL5PR8SCWiVl9-e0rIYn5guEr2dVbB85LfEdz7yOGcJ6Ytmmhg_ALhKegE66TULF8/s1600/Waldseemuller_map_closeup_with_America.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcIw_Kdc3o2tdH1glFNDEzJkw-5NsIAffaSKG17X4t12pJnOBhfPBrjN1mMFL91y3gshSy64SS1UWL5PR8SCWiVl9-e0rIYn5guEr2dVbB85LfEdz7yOGcJ6Ytmmhg_ALhKegE66TULF8/s640/Waldseemuller_map_closeup_with_America.jpg" width="582" /></a></div>
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<i>Detail of the map, showing
part of the land mass the map makers decided to call “America.”</i><o:p></o:p></div>
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For the post on Geography Beach
Books, see: <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/05/geography-beach-books.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/05/geography-beach-books.html</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlx5N-1zAIc_WfdUfcGnHH-ybV7fHGJFPB4BR-lWdBLXItd_r8AGN4irQhNQ9RpFdgpeQCZHN5thH_3_JveimSDczNqriCi_Ht1QTTyUTJqSYHfLosvB8B_MVTrKvgktRiQkX7U-olxm4/s1600/Fourth+part+of+the+world+cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlx5N-1zAIc_WfdUfcGnHH-ybV7fHGJFPB4BR-lWdBLXItd_r8AGN4irQhNQ9RpFdgpeQCZHN5thH_3_JveimSDczNqriCi_Ht1QTTyUTJqSYHfLosvB8B_MVTrKvgktRiQkX7U-olxm4/s400/Fourth+part+of+the+world+cover.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>The Fourth Part of the World: The Race to the Ends of the Earth,
and the Epic Story of the Map that Gave America its Name</i>, by Toby Lester, Free Press, 2009. <o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-53642273027065729362013-03-25T15:00:00.000-04:002013-03-25T16:04:58.746-04:00They will be remembered<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Eu0_7qnqHL0IM15FKGiMckKsicuk_MBfVRAuS8a7gP2s2sMHhwmPYUJJPNE0eovdwObVQpjXTD4XcXWY6dQT5VljfzGO5vRwNV9Fpden_Zxl7iOGs4X1ci-keQBibZvn2BdYs0B56VI/s1600/triangle+cartoon+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9Eu0_7qnqHL0IM15FKGiMckKsicuk_MBfVRAuS8a7gP2s2sMHhwmPYUJJPNE0eovdwObVQpjXTD4XcXWY6dQT5VljfzGO5vRwNV9Fpden_Zxl7iOGs4X1ci-keQBibZvn2BdYs0B56VI/s640/triangle+cartoon+1.jpg" width="544" /></a></div>
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<i>Cartoon, 1911, artist unknown, from Cornell University's archives (School of Industrial and Labor Relations) </i></div>
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<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Two years ago today, we commemorated
the 100th anniversary of the Triangle Factory Fire, the worst industrial
disaster in New York City's history, and one which galvanized ordinary New
Yorkers, labor leaders, and policy makers at city, state, and federal levels to
make significant changes in labor regulations, ensuring better worker safety and
worker rights. The fire was seen as particularly tragic because most of the
dead were young immigrant women, many of them teenagers, and the deaths
resulting from the fire could easily have been prevented. </span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">I often wonder, every year when
watching the calling of the names of the dead from the 9/11 World Trade Center
attacks, waiting to hear the names of my two friends that died in the towers
that day, how long this reading of the names is likely to continue, how long will
it be relevant to those still alive, who will still be interested, 20 years from now, 50 years, 100 years. I think we
have an answer to these questions with the Triangle Fire commemorations. </span>
</span><br />
<div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span>
<br />
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Events like 9/11 and the Triangle
persist in everyday consciousness because of the sea change (for better or
worse) in peoples' lives that they presaged. They will likely be remembered long after the survivors are gone. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-pDBH_UghBTTlUf_qtkTQqYbg1Qzt50FyvQbyQxPg7zlF4gja-lEAZETyDmevLO-NB2wP-PiuYFAhWm3gFR5ufXA98x9WqExV1yq4W81u2DXhWGK1Tx7g25R1_OYlEVKhszXL1aX8rvM/s1600/FDNY+Triangle+Fire.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-pDBH_UghBTTlUf_qtkTQqYbg1Qzt50FyvQbyQxPg7zlF4gja-lEAZETyDmevLO-NB2wP-PiuYFAhWm3gFR5ufXA98x9WqExV1yq4W81u2DXhWGK1Tx7g25R1_OYlEVKhszXL1aX8rvM/s320/FDNY+Triangle+Fire.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;"></span>This year, as in the past, the New York City Fire
Department rang the bell, once for each of the victims, at the site of the
fire. </span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> They also symbolically raised the fire ladders to the 6th
floor of the building, which is the highest ladders could go in those days, and
thus were several floors short of the fire on the 9th floor. Many of the dead
garment workers jumped from the windows to their deaths, since the factory
owners had locked them in, the fire escapes were not built properly and collapsed, and the
stairways were blocked. </span>This is a short blurb about the FDNY tolling of the bells: <a href="http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2013/03/102_years_later_fdny_remembers.html"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2013/03/102_years_later_fdny_remembers.html</span></a></div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://unionreview.com/102nd-commemoration-triangle-shirtwaist-factory-fire"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">http://unionreview.com/102nd-commemoration-triangle-shirtwaist-factory-fire</span></a></div>
<div>
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjps-HEKOUPIW5n7F4AjqRcxwsVvLyV8sRMofkS7yZ7md861WdUqv4NBFrfSMiQrVE6QdxqpbNQ9rzyZ8XuA4pZw8SzPVGMMm-fjCQYLwKBz4WnMokjZnAgHXjAZgmtycl6TibIETw_LH0/s1600/triangle+chalk+project.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjps-HEKOUPIW5n7F4AjqRcxwsVvLyV8sRMofkS7yZ7md861WdUqv4NBFrfSMiQrVE6QdxqpbNQ9rzyZ8XuA4pZw8SzPVGMMm-fjCQYLwKBz4WnMokjZnAgHXjAZgmtycl6TibIETw_LH0/s1600/triangle+chalk+project.jpg" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">And this year, as in the past,
ordinary people are involved in the "chalking" project, chalking the names of
the victims in front of the tenements where they were living at the time of
their deaths, many of them on the Lower East Side. This ephemeral public art
project is open access, anyone can join and participate in the chalking.
</span><a href="http://streetpictures.org/chalk/"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http://streetpictures.org/chalk/</span></a></span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.boweryboogie.com/2013/03/neighborhood-chalkings-commemorate-anniversary-of-triangle-shirtwaist-fire/">http://www.boweryboogie.com/2013/03/neighborhood-chalkings-commemorate-anniversary-of-triangle-shirtwaist-fire/</a></span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">There is what promises to be an
interesting talk by Kevin Baker at the Tenement Museum on Wednesday, March 27th, 2013, about the Triangle Fire. Kevin Baker, as some of you know who are avid historical
fiction readers or NYC history buffs, authored a number of fabulous and award-winning books
about Ole New York, such as Dreamland (turn-of-the-century Coney Island),
Paradise Alley (the NYC Draft Riots/race riots during Civil War period), and Striver's Row
(a young Malcolm X in WWII-era Harlem). </span></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.tenement.org/tenement_talks_details.php?id=772"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">http://www.tenement.org/tenement_talks_details.php?id=772</span></a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Also, if you haven't seen them already,
check out my blog posts about the Fire and the Chalking Project. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/02/100-years-later-triangle-shirtwaist.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/02/100-years-later-triangle-shirtwaist.html</a></span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/03/remember-triangle.html"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/03/remember-triangle.html</span></a></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Calling artists, designers, and
architects: There is also a competition, sponsored by Remember the Triangle, for
a design for a permanent memorial at the site of the fire. You must register by
March 29, 2013 on their website. Submission of design entries is in April.
</span><a href="http://rememberthetrianglefire.org/competition//about.html"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">http://rememberthetrianglefire.org/competition//about.html</span></a></span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Interactive map of important places
related to the Triangle Fire.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/map-widget/triangle/">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/map-widget/triangle/</a></span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
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</div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-71012422061935957232013-03-09T21:35:00.000-05:002013-03-10T01:18:38.459-05:00Micromegas and the World of Tomorrow<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2tPMu8tDg-NQe_PRJQwdEw6o20h9_a_Gzss-JtokUNYEBjmSNnurmDDxL6TBXdtrDIsc7XJ2AbfEPCuebxjhn7PJ6rHjUNC4Pl7b9zi7TGMRtvHrHsSquct_E9qCZpkZQGz5XOlURp-k/s1600/IMG_20130304_174649.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2tPMu8tDg-NQe_PRJQwdEw6o20h9_a_Gzss-JtokUNYEBjmSNnurmDDxL6TBXdtrDIsc7XJ2AbfEPCuebxjhn7PJ6rHjUNC4Pl7b9zi7TGMRtvHrHsSquct_E9qCZpkZQGz5XOlURp-k/s640/IMG_20130304_174649.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Micromegas, c. 1939, Frank Paul, designer and delineator;
airbrushed tempera and watercolor on board, an unrealized building proposed for
the 1939 New York City World’s Fair. Many
of the realized buildings from the Fair clearly took cues from futuristic
visions promulgated by science fiction pulp magazines of the year. In this fantastical scene, a warrior clad in
Roman gladiator garb sits astride a domed pavilion with a star-shaped base reminiscent
of the Statue of Liberty's architectural foundation. Frank Paul, one of the principal science
fiction illustrators of the day, perhaps took his revenge on an unresponsive
Board of Design, who had rejected his Micromegas building design proposal, with
his 1939 cover of Science Fiction No. 2 showing the Trylon and Perisphere being
attacked by invading spaceships. Photo
by The Map Monkey</span></i><br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">I
went to the Museum of the City of New York this week to hear a talk by Marguerite
Holloway, author of the new biography on John Randel Jr, (the man who mapped
Manhattan), the book titled “The Measure of Manhattan,” as detailed in my
recent blog post. While there, I also visited
the Museum’s exhibit on the World’s Fairs of the 1930’s, which I recommend to
all of you who are in the NYC vicinity - go soon, since the exhibit will close at
the end of March 2013. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
story of the Depression-era Fairs, all of which featured some sort of a “World
of Tomorrow” focus, is a fascinating one to me.
Although I have long been aware of the importance of the 1939-1940 New
York City World’s Fair in this regard, I was not as knowledgeable about the
OTHER 1930’s World’s Fairs in the U.S., which were all, to some extent, looking
forward to the future and promoting the brave new world of technology, new
materials, new design philosophies, and a new and improved way of life for the
masses. This was, I’m sure, welcome news
for the masses themselves, who flocked to the World’s Fairs in record numbers,
looking for a hopeful vision of the coming decades, and put the past troubles (and
impending troubles) behind them, or at least out-of-mind for the time they
spent at the Fair. </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Fairs “offered visions of unalloyed progress, lives
of increased ease, an exhilarating future,” (Rothstein, 2012 “<i>World’s Fairs of the 1930s Showed Boundless
Vision of Prosperity</i>”) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/07/arts/design/worlds-fairs-of-1930s-showed-boundless-vision-of-prosperity.html?_r=0&adxnnl=1&pagewanted=all&adxnnlx=1362514197-vtu5P+uUguFOT4b6NzeamA">http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/07/arts/design/worlds-fairs-of-1930s-showed-boundless-vision-of-prosperity.html?_r=0&adxnnl=1&pagewanted=all&adxnnlx=1362514197-vtu5P+uUguFOT4b6NzeamA</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Oblique-Perspective Map Pastel Painting of 1939-1940 New York City World’s
Fair<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">These
World’s Fairs took place in </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chicago
(“A Century of Progress” in 1933-4), San Diego (1935-6), Dallas (1936),
Cleveland (1936-7), San Francisco (1939-40) and finally in New York, “Building
the World of Tomorrow” (1939-40). F</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">or me, (and, of
course, not having seen any of them first-hand!) I was in love with the New
York World’s Fair, which was the culmination of the decade of World’s Fairs,
and was probably the most ambitious and also the most bittersweet, being held
on the brink of the U.S.’s entrance into WWII.
In fact, several of the international pavilions didn’t re-open for the
Fair’s second season in 1940, since they were no longer countries in the political
sense, having been taken over by Hitler in the meanwhile (Poland, Czechoslovakia,
etc.) or due to crumbling resources and other realities, such as the Soviet’s Hitler-Stalin
Pact (the Soviet Republics, Lithuania, etc.).
Germany, of course, was famously absent from the very beginning of the
Fair. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Despite
the overtones of escalating world conflict, the New York World’s Fair, and
indeed all of the fairs in the 1930’s, held out the promise of a better world,
a World of Tomorrow. <span style="color: #222222;">An official pamphlet for the 1939 New York World’s Fair spread
the Gospel of Optimism: “The eyes of the
Fair are on the future-- not in the sense of peering toward the unknown nor
attempting to foretell the events of tomorrow and the shape of things to come,
but in the sense of presenting a new and clearer view of today in preparation
for tomorrow; a view of the forces and ideas that prevail as well as the
machines. To its visitors the Fair will say:
Here are the materials, ideas, and forces at work in our world. These are the tools with which the World of
Tomorrow must be made.” </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">I grew up with all my mother’s World’s Fair memorabilia,
including salt and pepper shakers of the Trylon and Perisphere, a flimsy bridge
table with those icons emblazoned on top, a complete set of decorative silver spoons
with a different one of the various World’s Fair pavilions on each handle, and
many other kitsch items, but most of all I remember her stories/rhapsodies about
Billy Rose’s Aquacade, the Parachute Jump, General Motors “Futurama” exhibit - a
vast scale model of an American city in the 1960’s - and the overall magic and
beauty of the place. My mother’s brand
of can-do optimism seems emblematic of the times, and the World’s Fair endorsed
and validated those feelings. And
although we may now look with a jaundiced eye at all the
corporate-industrial-governmental alliances and their attempts to distract the
public with gadgets and gee-gaws to be purchased while the world was about to
explode, the World’s Fairs did serve a higher purpose, even if most of the
Fair-goers were more interested in the amusement park and side show aspects of
the fairs as opposed to the more educational exhibits. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Probably one of the reasons I have a soft spot in my heart for
World’s Fairs (and the New York World of Tomorrow one in particular) is that
designers, architects, and urban planners were not only allowed free rein to
present their visions for the not-so-distant future, but they were very much
admired, looked up to, and even revered by the general populace. When was the last time in recent memory that
anyone (aside from those in these very self-referential fields) admired, or
even better yet, listened to, professionals in the design fields? All those industrial/product designers were
almost demi-gods back then. They were
the people who would help us achieve our goal of better living through
chemistry. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<i>Hugh
Ferriss, delineator; Harrison and Fouilhoux, architects; charcoal and gouache
on board. <o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<i>More
familiarly known as the Trylon and Perisphere, this instantly recognizable
symbol of the Fair consisted of a 610-foot-high pyramidal tower (the Trylon)
and a spherical structure 180 feet in the diameter (the Perisphere) set within
an 18-foot-wide, 950-foot-long ramp (the Helicline). The Perisphere seemed to
float above a reflecting pool, elevated 17 feet on eight tubular steel columns
and ringed by fountains. <o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
The Trylon (derivation:
a triangular pylon) and the Perisphere (a sphere which was all encompassing,
surrounding) were known as the Fair’s “Theme Center,” and i<span style="color: #222222;">nside the giant globe of the Perisphere was Henry
Dreyfuss’ “Democracity,” a diorama of a utopian urban environment where
everything was accounted for through design.
Some were fanciful and never made it past the prototype stage, (the 7
foot tall robot that sang, smoked cigarettes, and counted with his fingers, and
the “rocketgun” mode of transatlantic travel) but many of them came to fruition
and enjoyed wide-spread usage (dishwashers, television, plexiglass, electric
refrigerators, Tampax, color film – Kodachrome -, direct dial long distance
telephone service, etc.). All of these
incremental innovations and labor-saving devices we now take for granted helped
to usher in the far-reaching social transformations of the mid-20<sup>th</sup>
century.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Pk5-t-L-qWsg9J6dtZ1yrOFLb5AO7mE4IWmY-mLFdqCSB3AZrO3jNxVxvONH-e1MfEXL7temoUPy3p0ccrtxhIrB17cX6J0VxCpalaUhDFMEFAPR2ywqryVZla1gSFPeFUdZ8iUaOIg/s1600/att+demonstration+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="508" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Pk5-t-L-qWsg9J6dtZ1yrOFLb5AO7mE4IWmY-mLFdqCSB3AZrO3jNxVxvONH-e1MfEXL7temoUPy3p0ccrtxhIrB17cX6J0VxCpalaUhDFMEFAPR2ywqryVZla1gSFPeFUdZ8iUaOIg/s640/att+demonstration+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">American Telephone and
Telegraph Building – Lighted Map showing Demonstration Toll Calls (long-distance
calls) that ordinary Fair-goers could place for free. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> What of
Micromegas himself? Aside from the fact that
he was never built for the Fair, what or who is Micromegas? Well, it turns out that he was a visitor (a
very large visitor!) to Earth from another galaxy, as told by Voltaire in 1752,
in one of the world’s first science fiction novels. Having an outsider such as Micromegas commenting
upon the current state of affairs in the world was a well-know literary device
for criticizing intolerance, religious dogma, and the government without
getting into trouble, since it was the “outsider,” not the author, who was
doing the talking. Upon first
encountering our fair planet, Micromegas’ traveling companion said </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“Truly, that
which makes me believe there is no inhabitant on this sphere, is that it seems
to me that no sensible being would be willing to live here.” “Well, then!” said Micromegas, “perhaps the
beings that inhabit it do not possess good sense,” from <i>Micromegas: A
Philosophical History </i>(1752). In
keeping with Voltaire’s famous secularism and satirical irreverence, when the
travelers from the far-away galaxy hear the theory of Thomas Aquinas that the
world was made uniquely for mankind, they fall into an enormous fit of
laughter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvB9WS5DXl5q_vM-DPSH1NwidgiI1rTHCrwsCXVqo2eJ5nWAEZMSEd0e2hiAx4O_MZd6bvJgC0UIVx5IliaPKs4MyXN6F40qciuuIRMdW4dhZTLM7RZrcos1Lqjgum01fRF3E4xmgRIcQ/s1600/color2mapbig1940.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvB9WS5DXl5q_vM-DPSH1NwidgiI1rTHCrwsCXVqo2eJ5nWAEZMSEd0e2hiAx4O_MZd6bvJgC0UIVx5IliaPKs4MyXN6F40qciuuIRMdW4dhZTLM7RZrcos1Lqjgum01fRF3E4xmgRIcQ/s640/color2mapbig1940.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Interactive map with photos of
individual buildings of the New York World’s Fair<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s/display/39wf/image_map.htm">http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s/display/39wf/image_map.htm</a> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Cool article and videos of the “Futurama” ride in the General
Motors Pavilion, which promised Americans a new way of life, including a car in
every household. The first video opens
up with a shot of a car traveling across the Whitestone Bridge to get to the
Fair. The Bridge was brand new at the
time (opening in April 1939, just in time for the Fair!). In </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">E. L. Doctorow's wonderful novel <i>World's
Fair</i>, “A family exits the [Futurama] ride, and the father says, ‘General
Motors is telling us what they expect from us: we must build them the highways
so they can sell us the cars.’” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/15-12/ff_futurama_original">http://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/15-12/ff_futurama_original</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">“The
Middleton Family at the New York World’s Fair”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">This drama illustrates the contribution of free enterprise,
technology, and Westinghouse products to the American way of life. <i>The Middleton Family at the New York
World's Fair</i> pits an anti-capitalist bohemian artist boyfriend against an
all-American electrical engineer who believes in improving society by working
through corporations. The Middletons
experience Westinghouse's technological marvels at the Fair and win back their
daughter from her leftist boyfriend. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><a href="http://archive.org/details/middleton_family_worlds_fair_1939" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://archive.org/details/middleton_family_worlds_fair_1939</a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">“The Original Futurama: The
Legacy of the 1939 World's Fair”</span></i><b><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Seventy years after the closing of the 1939 New York World's Fair,
<em>The Daily Show</em> writer Elliott Kalan looks back at its past vision of
the World of Tomorrow.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><b> </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/architecture/4345790">http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/architecture/4345790</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Museum of the City of New York exhibit: “<i>Designing
Tomorrow: America’s World’s Fairs of the 1930’s” </i></span><a href="http://www.mcny.org/exhibitions/current/Designing-Tomorrow.html" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://www.mcny.org/exhibitions/current/Designing-Tomorrow.html</a></span></div>
<h1 style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;">“</span><i style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;">Designing Tomorrow: American’s World’s Fairs of the 1930’s</i><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;">” Yale
University Press, </span></span><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;">2010 </span></span><a href="http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=9780300149579" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;">http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=9780300149579</a></h1>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">New York Public Library’s collection of photos and videos of NYC
World’s Fair:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://exhibitions.nypl.org/treasures/items/show/162">http://exhibitions.nypl.org/treasures/items/show/162</a>
<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>“To New Horizons”</i> General Motors Futurama exhibit 1940. Definitive document of pre-World War II futuristic utopian
thinking, as envisioned by General Motors. Documents the "Futurama"
exhibit in GM's "Highways and Horizons" pavilion at the World's Fair,
which looks ahead to the “wonder world of 1960.” The Futurama part starts at 7:50. <a href="http://archive.org/details/ToNewHor1940">http://archive.org/details/ToNewHor1940</a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This post
is dedicated to my mom, who loved ALL the World’s Fairs, and we went to several
of them whilst I was growing up - most notably, of course, the 1964-65 New York
World’s Fair, held in the same former garbage dump in Queens as was the 1939 World
of Tomorrow Fair. I was exactly the right age for the 1964 World’s
Fair, being old enough to go over there on my own (and often!), but young
enough to still be thrilled by it. I am
also reminded of my great-grandma, Maggie Barnacle, who used to sing me to
sleep with renditions of “Meet me in Saint Louie, Louie, Meet me at the Fair,”
about the 1904 World’s Fair (“The Louisiana Purchase Exposition” celebrating
the centenary of the 1804 Louisiana Purchase) in St. Louis, MO. Both the Chicago World’s Columbian Exposition
of 1893 (400<sup>th</sup> anniversary of Columbus’ first voyage to the “New
World”) and the St. Louis World’s Fair of 1904 were big deals in her younger
years, and they exerted a large influence on the day’s popular culture,
including popular songs. There are about
88 stanzas, but the chorus goes like this: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Meet me in St. Louis, Louis,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Meet me at the Fair<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Don't tell me the lights are shining<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Anyplace but there<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">We will dance the
"Hoochie-Koochie"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">I will be your
"Tootsie-Wootsie"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">If you will meet me in St. Louis,
Louis,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Meet me at the Fair.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">(You may have seen the Judy Garland 1944 film <i>Meet me in Saint Louis</i> where she sings the same song, and probably better than my Nana did!)</span></div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-82625888963062168442013-02-23T16:14:00.000-05:002013-02-23T16:14:16.131-05:00The Man Who Mapped Manhattan<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigh7CLyJlE-HP19Ub_8vYKEammoHu_oUDa2CFPcepGTZwrwmYDSkfRNdKBLmWiJcxbUG3dqh6bHUqJzZHdHdNnu05qEsF7BqgnsxUrBuRIGkXDDcOlljnlGfTADGRd9RldpFP3NZqduhA/s1600/1811+commissioners+grid_nypl_org.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigh7CLyJlE-HP19Ub_8vYKEammoHu_oUDa2CFPcepGTZwrwmYDSkfRNdKBLmWiJcxbUG3dqh6bHUqJzZHdHdNnu05qEsF7BqgnsxUrBuRIGkXDDcOlljnlGfTADGRd9RldpFP3NZqduhA/s640/1811+commissioners+grid_nypl_org.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<i>The Commissioners’
Plan of 1811, showing how the grid plan was superimposed over the natural topography of the island. It also shows the limits of development at the time it was produced. </i><a href="http://www.nypl.org/blog/2010/07/30/designing-city-new-york-commissioners-plan-1811">http://www.nypl.org/blog/2010/07/30/designing-city-new-york-commissioners-plan-1811</a><br />
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We always hear about these
“Commissioners” who were responsible for commissioning a street plat design for
New York City (Manhattan). But what
about the man who actually carried out all the work involved in effectuating
the grid plan? What about John Randel,
Jr.? </div>
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Hot off the presses: just
published, a biography of John Randel, Jr., his life and times. Little known anymore, John Randel is the man
responsible for the regularized grid pattern of streets and property lots that
marches over hill and dale (or what’s left of the natural topography after the
street design was put in place) in Manhattan.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPUsDKCloZcpoX9MJWm0kzvxPpEryAXQdILvnwY5f_lDANvXHlnuhzE-W2BUrXD1Q6BW30fPidDWHaU9MOnV8mD4o_yClSJv7Wevf8IBeBOfqdM57ExpGPKbvoL42yd0E0vDVchll03cw/s1600/measure+of+manhattan+book+cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPUsDKCloZcpoX9MJWm0kzvxPpEryAXQdILvnwY5f_lDANvXHlnuhzE-W2BUrXD1Q6BW30fPidDWHaU9MOnV8mD4o_yClSJv7Wevf8IBeBOfqdM57ExpGPKbvoL42yd0E0vDVchll03cw/s640/measure+of+manhattan+book+cover.jpg" width="420" /></a></div>
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<i>The Measure of
Manhattan: The Tumultuous Career and Surprising Legacy of John Randel Jr.,
Cartographer, Surveyor,, and Inventor</i> by Marguerite Holloway, 2013, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Measure-Manhattan-Tumultuous-Cartographer/dp/0393071251">http://www.amazon.com/The-Measure-Manhattan-Tumultuous-Cartographer/dp/0393071251</a></div>
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Here is a story from Columbia
University’s New York Stories webpage, about John Randel and his biographer,
along with a nice little video interviewing the author and showcasing some
wonderful historic maps of Manhattan. See
the video at <a href="http://news.columbia.edu/grid">http://news.columbia.edu/grid</a>
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<b><u style="background-color: #ffe599;">New York Squared:
Marguerite Holloway on the Man Who Mapped Manhattan<o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">“Just a few years after Lewis and Clark’s famous expedition
to the great Northwest, another intrepid American set out on a journey through
challenging terrain at the government’s behest. In 1808, John Randel Jr., a
young surveyor, was charged with mapping Manhattan Island and laying out the
street grid that, for 200 years, has shaped and spurred the growth of New York
City.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">In 2004, <a href="http://www.journalism.columbia.edu/profile/7-marguerite-holloway-88/3" target="_blank">Marguerite Holloway</a>, an assistant
professor at the <a href="http://www.journalism.columbia.edu/home" target="_blank">School of Journalism</a>, found
herself writing about the Mannahatta Project—an effort by environmental
scientists to “recreate” Manhattan in its natural state. The scientists relied
in part on Randel’s data. Fascinated by tales of the Albany-born surveyor
(1787-1865), she says, “I tried to find out as much as I could about him—at the
time, there was very little. It became an obsession.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Holloway’s obsession has turned into a biography of Randel
that has just been published by W.W. Norton. Researching the book, Holloway, an
experienced science journalist, found herself scouring archives throughout the
northeastern United States. “I’m used to asking people lots of questions,” she
says. “But this time, many of my sources were long dead.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Her book, she says, tries to paint a complete picture of
Randel, whom she describes as a visionary. He “wrestled the wildness of the
island as he imposed his vision upon it: Gone, in his mind’s eye, were the
hills and ponds, the towering chestnut trees, the unruly outcroppings,” she
wrote in a <em>New York Times</em> piece. “Randel was mesmerized by the image
of a magnificent, neatly ordered metropolis.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Randel was appointed to the task by New York City’s three
street commissioners—one of whom was Gouverneur Morris, the 1768 graduate of
King’s College who wrote parts of the U.S. Constitution. New York’s mayor for
much of that time was DeWitt Clinton (CC 1786) who later as New York’s governor
went on to champion a different feat of civil engineering, the Erie Canal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Randel, whom Morris described as “more ambitious of
accuracy than profit,” spent three years surveying the island for the famous
Commissioner’s Plan of 1811. Then he spent the next 10 years physically
imposing the grid from First Street to 155th Street using more than 1,500
3-foot-tall marble monuments sunk into the ground and, where there was no way
to do that, bolts set in rock.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Randel and his men were pelted with vegetables, attacked by
dogs and arrested for trespassing—the targets of landowners alarmed by the
arrival of right angles in rural areas. Not only were the property lines going
to have to be redrawn, but in many cases the imagined thoroughfares went right
through barns and houses, Holloway explains.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">"We can't say that he came up with the grid plan but
he was the person who brought the grid to life...he scratched it into the
landscape," she says. "He did it with such precision that surveyors
today can follow Rand l's maps--he got
it right."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">A longtime contributor to <em>Scientific American</em>,
Holloway began teaching at the journalism school as an adjunct in 1997 and took
a tenure-track position in 2006; she won a presidential teaching award in 2009.
Holloway teaches science and environmental reporting in the M.S. program and in
the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Program in Health and Science Journalism,
part of the M.A. program for experienced journalists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Living on the Upper West Side, Holloway says, she has long
appreciated the Manhattan street grid—“I liked it even before I’d heard of
Randel.” She also likes the interruptions to the grid, places like the Columbia
campus and Morningside Park, which “give you a different experience within the
city”—no matter if the park is one of the “unruly outcroppings” Randel worked
so hard to tame.” <em>— Story by Fred A.
Bernstein — Video by Columbia News Video Team</em><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Thanks, Susan McMahon, for sending the link to the
story. </span></div>
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Please also refer back to my post
of March 21, 2011, commemorating the 200<sup>th</sup> Anniversary of the 1811
Commissioners’ Plan at <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/03/200th-anniversary-of-commissioners-grid.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/03/200th-anniversary-of-commissioners-grid.html</a>
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And now, for the first time, the
Randel Farm Maps can be explored digitally, courtesy of the Museum of the City
of New York (where there was an exhibit about New York’s grid pattern planning
last year to celebrate the 200<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the 1811
Commissioners’ Plan) at <a href="http://www.mcny.org/sidebars/randel-farm-maps-online.html">http://www.mcny.org/sidebars/randel-farm-maps-online.html</a>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiroDu96NXUzMBBcCnI2QtSAkYY7xrZCoEN8QKpfD1OlJaWonqRjMAT30SFB-Ez4g577r_dBJcA1_uEH2gQ_CL-681cn8SEitCto8rGVSmoS1pUz00DDAE_hukixxcYs-GZxfMmChEw7nM/s1600/greatest+grid+cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiroDu96NXUzMBBcCnI2QtSAkYY7xrZCoEN8QKpfD1OlJaWonqRjMAT30SFB-Ez4g577r_dBJcA1_uEH2gQ_CL-681cn8SEitCto8rGVSmoS1pUz00DDAE_hukixxcYs-GZxfMmChEw7nM/s400/greatest+grid+cover.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">An excellent book on the 1811 grid
was written in conjunction with this exhibit, </span><i style="text-indent: 0.5in;">The Greatest Grid: Manhattan’s Master Plan, 1811-2011</i><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">, edited by Hilary
Ballon. Blurb from Museum of the City of New York website: “Laying out Manhattan's street
grid and providing a rationale for the growth of New York was the city's first
great civic enterprise, not to mention a brazenly ambitious project and major
milestone in the history of city planning. The grid created the physical conditions for
business and society to flourish and embodied the drive and discipline for
which the city would come to be known.”</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgquRrlM5Vgk2Lwu1bFg59OmNRg4z7JdU7Pkh024vEXMzMy5oumgiVFHgEoKc0fpHknmskK933VMVKGnMPgWr8_gdW6eZbED0p9Ub9GUGDPii1vFPvSd7tiqNdTGqg5TOwTe2xAfDNXfkA/s1600/bollman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgquRrlM5Vgk2Lwu1bFg59OmNRg4z7JdU7Pkh024vEXMzMy5oumgiVFHgEoKc0fpHknmskK933VMVKGnMPgWr8_gdW6eZbED0p9Ub9GUGDPii1vFPvSd7tiqNdTGqg5TOwTe2xAfDNXfkA/s640/bollman.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The famous 1962
Hermann Bollmann axonometric (parallel perspective) map clearly displays
Manhattan’s famous gridded street pattern, (see my post on Bird’s Eye Views of
NYC for more on the Bollmann map <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/12/map-of-week-12-19-2011birds-eye-view-of.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/12/map-of-week-12-19-2011birds-eye-view-of.html</a>)
and below is a photograph emphasizing the unrelenting grid of mid-town
Manhattan. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfPrP8SdpV1bAbUqhiZ95pgn6op8Pa4om51J9hdMig0Auw6X7CEmPIaYfLRGcKrsAqZLJ_Uff2Pbe3IAbPW4EWOytM3exXzxZw-AZvqaJ-tm9G7CA-Mcm5TC4E8G_lF2Qc5O1oTLk4Bco/s1600/photo+of+grid.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfPrP8SdpV1bAbUqhiZ95pgn6op8Pa4om51J9hdMig0Auw6X7CEmPIaYfLRGcKrsAqZLJ_Uff2Pbe3IAbPW4EWOytM3exXzxZw-AZvqaJ-tm9G7CA-Mcm5TC4E8G_lF2Qc5O1oTLk4Bco/s640/photo+of+grid.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Not everyone is a fan of the grid,
some calling it robotic, uninteresting, lacking in imagination, and mind-numbingly
uniform, the enemy of spontaneity. Others
say the plan maximizes land use, was “visionary,” and tout its “modernity” and its
transformative characteristics – the grid becomes the backdrop for whatever we
want to project onto it. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYXpRTHbu-qTdRq9HtVdR2eloMPs4dvlntYqfdNK18FPFgvdvRlYEO0bmzaFewVaWiviBcvSxSiL8cWSzwkIvLspuwdm0L1z_KvnZDN9pT3AFgNSo8Xb9NkvHpvLWXM9Db6L1awniIM9Y/s1600/rem+koolhouas+book+cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYXpRTHbu-qTdRq9HtVdR2eloMPs4dvlntYqfdNK18FPFgvdvRlYEO0bmzaFewVaWiviBcvSxSiL8cWSzwkIvLspuwdm0L1z_KvnZDN9pT3AFgNSo8Xb9NkvHpvLWXM9Db6L1awniIM9Y/s400/rem+koolhouas+book+cover.jpg" width="326" /></a></div>
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Rem Koolhaus,
in his seminal 1978 book, “<i>Delirious New
York: A Retrospective Manifesto for Manhattan</i>,” focuses on the grid as the
enabler of Manhattan’s “culture of congestion,” calling New York a “metropolis
of rigid chaos.” He describes the grid
as an <span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“artificial
domain planned for nonexistent clients in anticipation,” a negative symbol of
the short-sightedness of commercial interests with no regard for interaction
between fragments or spontaneity.</span>
On the other hand, the grid is
celebrated on the cover of his book as one of the defining elements of NY, with
the iconic Empire State and Chrysler Buildings lying down in a bedroom where
the area rug is a piece of the grid, and the bedside table lamp is the Statue
of Liberty’s torch. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Tourists to the city tend to like the
grid, because of the ease it creates in getting around the city, and the
unlikelihood of getting too lost with the regular pattern and numbering
system. Of course, getting lost sometimes
is half the fun of being a tourist, and romantics prefer cities like London or
Paris which have little of the regularity to their street patterns, reflecting
development over a long period of time, rather than a city platted basically in
one fell swoop. Naturally the real
winners in Manhattan’s grid plan were the real estate developers who wanted a consistent
and replicable way to develop and sell property. The standard lot size of 25 x 100 (perfect
for the attached townhouse format) made property development particularly
lucrative. The grid allowed for a predictable
scheme for street access, ease of traffic flow, and infrastructure
installation, and thus was a developer’s dream. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY9abebRi5X0NktFs21XOvzZFJS5QQVbFjbgMzvMKWG3yqiG75KXkEuvSmTehWd9tN8Po86DNPVBcOk0Zu9NlvOD1j11lMzoSCbbkxOgnN62cxpiQI9wNWeCk91p_-cHk64-4zHAS4TT8/s1600/1847_Lower_Manhattan_map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY9abebRi5X0NktFs21XOvzZFJS5QQVbFjbgMzvMKWG3yqiG75KXkEuvSmTehWd9tN8Po86DNPVBcOk0Zu9NlvOD1j11lMzoSCbbkxOgnN62cxpiQI9wNWeCk91p_-cHk64-4zHAS4TT8/s640/1847_Lower_Manhattan_map.jpg" width="564" /></a></div>
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Prior to the 1811 Commissioners’
Plan, New York’s street pattern developed in a series of growth spurts that
created a hodge-podge design. There was
the mediaeval tip of lower Manhattan, (still largely extant) with its organic
maze of streets, and similar to what you would find in most European cities of
the 16<sup>th</sup> century. Then there
were several areas built independently by large-scale land owners, such as
DeLancey and Rutgers, both holders of large farm estates who subdivided their
lands for commercial sale, and laid out streets in a grid pattern of their own
devising. These independently-developed street
grids tended to collide with other adjacent gridded areas. In this 1847 map of Manhattan, we can see the various colliding grids built prior to the 1811 Plan. </div>
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For better or worse, New York City
would not be NYC without the grid, and the history of NYC’s physical development
is a fascinating one. </div>
</div>
Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-76646881789724400782013-02-19T23:02:00.000-05:002013-02-20T00:00:54.468-05:00Happy 540th Birthday, Nicolaus Copernicus!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF3vHqdM3roUsEELy6IbjApZ6YB9JMxPoZFmFn5uLcGF-cukgGjl3mOdWtPKWS6zb3M_cFOUMwuzsZJ77ClFqPYq-hImJrMlKl4kbCKFjQdbPkbE-VKTxgZW2heSdbcajRI6rcBp4OlSQ/s1600/nicolaus_copernicus_540th_birthday-1041005_3-hp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF3vHqdM3roUsEELy6IbjApZ6YB9JMxPoZFmFn5uLcGF-cukgGjl3mOdWtPKWS6zb3M_cFOUMwuzsZJ77ClFqPYq-hImJrMlKl4kbCKFjQdbPkbE-VKTxgZW2heSdbcajRI6rcBp4OlSQ/s640/nicolaus_copernicus_540th_birthday-1041005_3-hp.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><i style="background-color: #ffe599;">Google Doodle of Copernicus' Heliocentric model of the Solar System</i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Happy Birthday, Copernicus! February 19, 1473 – May 24, 1543<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #403f3f; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">So, any of you who opened up Google tod</span>ay doubtless saw their shout out to Copernicus, the mediaeval Polish astronomer and
mathematician. Why they (Google) decided that 540 was a particularly significant anniversary is anybody's guess, but they featured on their
home page an “animated Google Doodle,” of Copernicus’ heliocentric (or
heliostatic) model of the solar system, showing the Sun at the center with the
planets, including the Earth, highlighted, revolving around it. Best known for his treatise "On the
Revolution of the Celestial Spheres," Copernicus asserted that the earth
revolved around the sun - contrary to the mediaeval belief that the earth was
the centre of the universe (geocentric).
He is considered the patron saint of those who question the rules (and thus
one of my heroes!) and of course the Church branded him as a heretic for
challenging the belief that the Earth is at the center of the universe. Luckily for him, most of the controversy actually
started after Copernicus’ death in 1543.
In fact, at the advent of Copernicus’ theories, the Pope and various
cardinals seemed very well-disposed to entertain these theories as interesting
and useful. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cardinal
von Schonberg, Archbishop of Capus, wrote to Copernicus: “Some years ago word
reached me concerning your proficiency, of which everybody constantly spoke. At that time I began to have a very high
regard for you... For I had learned that you had not merely mastered the
discoveries of the ancient astronomers uncommonly well but had also formulated
a new cosmology. In it you maintain that
the earth moves; that the sun occupies the lowest, and thus the central, place
in the universe... Therefore with the utmost earnestness I entreat you, most
learned sir, unless I inconvenience you, to communicate this discovery of yours
to scholars, and at the earliest possible moment to send me your writings on
the sphere of the universe together with the tables and whatever else you have
that is relevant to this subject.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #403f3f; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It fell to later astronomers, like Galileo, to actually prove
Copernicus’ theory of heliocentrism, since Copernicus made his discoveries with
the unaided eye. When Galileo later used
a telescope to confirm the theory, that’s when the Church started going
ballistic. After Galileo, Kepler, and
others brought the heliocentric model back into the limelight, the theologians started
taking issue with Copernicus, stating that heliocentrism was against Holy
Scripture, and was “</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">philosophically untenable and
theologically heretical.” All who held
Copernican beliefs were considered heretics.
But by this time, Copernicus himself had been dead nearly a
century. <span style="color: #403f3f;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQnmE9bzb0VCskuGq0ibWQ_xXsRaMweWXJz4o7IdnG4AKCM6tNxi_iie4NikdCwJYT042xs__V94OGGVeoIvXED7NqoxZ_69BfV-zicGQxSyjaLfCUMIJO8TjnYNmGnVX0DZc0RP68rgc/s1600/Copernicus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQnmE9bzb0VCskuGq0ibWQ_xXsRaMweWXJz4o7IdnG4AKCM6tNxi_iie4NikdCwJYT042xs__V94OGGVeoIvXED7NqoxZ_69BfV-zicGQxSyjaLfCUMIJO8TjnYNmGnVX0DZc0RP68rgc/s400/Copernicus.jpg" width="290" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #403f3f; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Copernicus was an interesting fellow. Born in what had been Prussia, but shortly
before his birth had become part of Poland, (although a German-speaking area), he probably
identified more with his German-hood (or rather his Prussian-ness) than his
Polish-ness. It is even dubious that he
spoke Polish very well. However, the
family supported the Polish cause in the 13 Years War with Prussia. He attended Cracow University (in those days
instruction was in Latin, the universal language of learning and the Church)
and he was considered a polymath, having interests and expertise in law,
economics, medicine, art, and the classics, in addition to what he is best
remembered for today, astronomy and math.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #403f3f; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">He discovered the variability of the Earth’s eccentricity and of
the movement of the solar apogee in relation to the fixed stars, and based on
these and other astronomical observations, he created a reformed version of the Julian
calendar for the Pope. Although several
Popes during Copernicus’ lifetime were pleased with his heliocentric model of
the universe, he held off on publishing the book <i>De revolutionibus orbium coelestium</i> for fear of backlash and censure from the
Church. Legend has it that he had the
book published only in his old age, and the first copy of it that he ever saw
was placed in his hands on his deathbed right before he died. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #403f3f; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Interestingly, Copernicus and Kepler both are honored in the
Episcopal Church by a feast day on May 23<sup>rd</sup>. Who knew?
This is especially ironic, as it seems to have been the Protestants who
hounded him (or at least, those who ascribed to his theories) the most in the
early 1600’s. However, the Catholics,
even worse, kept Galileo under house arrest until his death. Well, there are those even today in these
enlightened (benighted?) times who are afraid of acknowledging scientific truths for fear of
what it will do to upset their worldview.
As Craig Ferguson, the late-night talk show host and comic, often says “ReMIND
you of anyone?” </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFKBIw_Vs52EefwWUyeP0JrVrjhgvtOf1yQ8OBitxxHJoyNJpnrJhyphenhyphenJz16ZTOHm1hG227Oo9rr5W_pHDz8ovBfhyphenhyphennos72LuiPk2DahuNf7w7nh5C5uOPH5KOhJBXjlcZLl9bTfgjd4qPU/s1600/5-nicolas-190213.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFKBIw_Vs52EefwWUyeP0JrVrjhgvtOf1yQ8OBitxxHJoyNJpnrJhyphenhyphenJz16ZTOHm1hG227Oo9rr5W_pHDz8ovBfhyphenhyphennos72LuiPk2DahuNf7w7nh5C5uOPH5KOhJBXjlcZLl9bTfgjd4qPU/s640/5-nicolas-190213.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Short video on Copernicus:</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.biography.com/people/nicolaus-copernicus-9256984/videos/nicolaus-copernicus-beyond-the-big-bang-18188867655">http://www.biography.com/people/nicolaus-copernicus-9256984/videos/nicolaus-copernicus-beyond-the-big-bang-18188867655</a></span></div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-73985346034459788192013-02-18T13:06:00.000-05:002013-02-18T13:06:30.676-05:00The Kiss of the Oceans – the Meeting of the Atlantic and Pacific<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgggUwLqeJqPsiTTs8olLEfonHSqyfReMMHXfUucWD3DWZX51UN3JYlKdNPFeIhyuhPAxH3dh19oBgrCHKuSOz0G0jQvfbhD2urQWeaE2foR4XJdsiWHdhD7AGSYHdZ7M43TbxnFeNJ0y4/s1600/kiss+of+the+oceans+1915.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgggUwLqeJqPsiTTs8olLEfonHSqyfReMMHXfUucWD3DWZX51UN3JYlKdNPFeIhyuhPAxH3dh19oBgrCHKuSOz0G0jQvfbhD2urQWeaE2foR4XJdsiWHdhD7AGSYHdZ7M43TbxnFeNJ0y4/s1600/kiss+of+the+oceans+1915.jpg" /></a></div>
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<i style="text-indent: 0.5in;">The
Kiss of the Oceans – The Meeting of the Atlantic and Pacific - The Panama Canal</i></div>
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We recently heard President Obama,
in his 2013 State of the Union address, talk about the need for infrastructure
spending to spur job creation and the economy.
He mentioned the 70,000 failing bridges (scary!) in the US as an example
of why this needs to be done, and soon.
However, as important as maintenance and fix-up projects are, he offered
no grand vision of what REAL infrastructure projects might be, and what they
could do for the country. </div>
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When we look back at other times in
US history, we see that major infrastructure projects have had huge and lasting
effects on not only the economy, but also the hearts and minds of everyday
people. Not to mention the beneficial
impact on lives (and other, perhaps less sanguine, unintended - or at least
unforeseen - consequences). Initiatives
such as the 1825 Erie Canal (which almost single-handedly turned New York into
the Empire State, making NYC the country’s premier manufacturing location,
port, and trade center throughout most of the 19<sup>th</sup> century, and helped
open up the western territories to more rapid settlement); the 1883 Brooklyn
Bridge (which was a major impetus to the creation of Greater New York in 1898,
joining the here-to-fore independent cities of New York (Manhattan, etc.) and Brooklyn into
one extra-formidable city); the 1950’s inter-state highway system (which,
although having the ostensible military objective of making the country ready
to mobilize, if need be, to repel invasions, had the effect of spreading
population from the urban centers to the suburbs, and making our country the automobile-centric
society that we still are today, and changing forever the American landscape). There are
many other examples of major infrastructure projects, which reflected a vision
on the part of their creators about the direction our nation should be going – the
Hoover Dam, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) regional plan and rural electrification
project, the Trans-Continental Railroad.
Not all of these were strictly government-led and financed projects, but
all succeeded because of government support and encouragement in some way. </div>
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Some might say there is no place in
the world today for these grand gestures, no money to think about providing
today for benefits to the future generations.
Despite all the guilt-trip talk from the Republicans focusing attention
on our national fiscal responsibilities, and whether or not we want to saddle
our grandchildren with today’s debts, we seem unwilling to really think about
our legacy and responsibilities to the future.
What will future generations see about us, how will we be remembered as
a generation? Although this is not the main
reason we should move to do something, it is sad to think that our time will be
remembered for its high partisanship, gridlock, paralysis, intolerance, rejection
of good governance, and lack of clear direction. It is as though we are just muddling through,
from one crisis to another, with temporary quick-fixes and a band-aid approach
to solutions. </div>
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Some might also question the wisdom
of embarking on projects for which we don’t know the long-term impacts, and
certainly some of these past infrastructure schemes were ill-advised in terms of how they affected
significant portions of the population and, of course, the environment. Many of these infrastructure projects had/have
pernicious effect on the environment, with dams being the ultimate consumers of
land, highways hollowing out cities and enabling urban sprawl, and the invasive
spread of settlers via canals and railroads hardly benign to the landscape,
ecological health, or indigenous populations.
Hopefully today we have the wisdom gained from past experiences to try
to prevent environmental depredations and environmental injustices when
planning for major projects like these. </div>
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In a time when Tea Partiers and
Republicans in general (and not a few Democrats, too) believe that government
should be smaller, less obtrusive (except in regulating personal matters!), less spend-y, it is probably not the time to
contemplate major infrastructure projects, not even ones which might heal the
economy, boost the feelings of national confidence and pride, and provide inspiration
to the future. Everyone is too timid
these days to propose anything on a grand scale. This cautiousness will not stand us in good stead as we face the challenges of the 21st century - energy needs, global climate change, transportation, housing - which cry out for bold infrastructure planning and investing. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman TUR'; text-indent: 0.5in;">But perhaps the days of big, bold initiatives are over. Maybe what we need is a
big, bold vision for lots of smaller projects that together can address the
issues. But without an organized plan to combine these projects into a meaningful solution, it will not work. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman TUR; font-size: small;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhplJj611LINO2TVYO97SxagpIKWl4ovw-jCPr0F6pPP6-fvNBFqV_gJhXUPm6IwM10dLHfC4J2KI3aXCfgsUMC7bI0dXtBtWbQE94MMLnSHPEQSAvY0q0fbGqfS4SUjF8oZMb74_VPW4I/s1600/Panama._NASA_2003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhplJj611LINO2TVYO97SxagpIKWl4ovw-jCPr0F6pPP6-fvNBFqV_gJhXUPm6IwM10dLHfC4J2KI3aXCfgsUMC7bI0dXtBtWbQE94MMLnSHPEQSAvY0q0fbGqfS4SUjF8oZMb74_VPW4I/s640/Panama._NASA_2003.jpg" width="638" /></a></div>
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<i>NASA
MODIS satellite image of the Panama Canal Zone (2003). White areas represent clouds, dense jungle
areas in green.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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We are coming up on the 100<sup>th</sup>
anniversary of the opening of the Panama Canal, the “Kiss of the Oceans,” that
long-sought-after short cut between the world’s two largest oceans. America’s involvement in the project is
still controversial, and our continued occupation of the Canal Zone (until
1999) was surely a sore point in Pan-American friendships and dealings. Coming
on the heels of America’s 1898 empire building activities in acquiring/annexing
Hawai’i, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, plus briefly Cuba, the building and
subsequent ownership of the Panama Canal sealed American’s emergence as a global
Super Power. Despite the imperialistic overtones
of the US involvement in the Panama Canal, the creation of the Canal also represents some of
what is best about America – ingenuity, perseverance, and optimism in the face
of adversity. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOPK2tA7Fk7v2FzDuNL9bxyxlOSVFsqf5k9yR11e_egCVH59aeXVMh3ZhL1yU0RBreSZLNojeC2-jqVTMIV9URmRrEONw3bo9x_h96rPkNkQMGG1IbAOBpognYKG-TC2H-xh8opNVmIe0/s1600/panamacanal2012+003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="616" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOPK2tA7Fk7v2FzDuNL9bxyxlOSVFsqf5k9yR11e_egCVH59aeXVMh3ZhL1yU0RBreSZLNojeC2-jqVTMIV9URmRrEONw3bo9x_h96rPkNkQMGG1IbAOBpognYKG-TC2H-xh8opNVmIe0/s640/panamacanal2012+003.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Map
of the Canal’s major elements<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">There is a very nice interactive
map on the Panama Canal and all its </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">innovative elements,</span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> from the PBS TV series “American
Experience.” </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">The historic map used as
the basemap is </span><span style="background-color: #ffe599; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">a </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">1906 map of the Panama Canal compiled by surveys<span style="color: #55514c;"> </span>from the French and U.S. governments</span></span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">,</span> and
was</span><span style="color: #55514c; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">printed by the Millroy Publishing
Company of Dayton, Ohio, a copy of which could be “mailed to any address upon receipt
of 25</span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">¢”</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/flash-interactive/panama-map/">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/flash-interactive/panama-map/</a>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL4i5KxiQJ6sorme1waoVtGDoC6wElZrXj6lBV-7AJC_ohIRL6P7vdgojFuD3m9fJtUK9qj87kdVK0pRYB7vtLQQNcY2fBvbEoXOq-NlnGl2V2q0rfmxbLp8kNOU5gWbvEwWb5YJ69qsY/s1600/interactive_canal.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="470" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL4i5KxiQJ6sorme1waoVtGDoC6wElZrXj6lBV-7AJC_ohIRL6P7vdgojFuD3m9fJtUK9qj87kdVK0pRYB7vtLQQNcY2fBvbEoXOq-NlnGl2V2q0rfmxbLp8kNOU5gWbvEwWb5YJ69qsY/s640/interactive_canal.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpG6dKu-ZCfEo-QuAsieuAgJBrEm7sBwTeN298NtzVdNQD2Pn9f-9I1dhyUDVsBFJiPlkQbOI8WSEYdN6n2fqwnPRSjqVAl8szqtMuKu_bIP4IZoKHkX5iNG4D-K3WgLLX-CO2JznFf6o/s1600/New_Caledonia_in_Darien.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpG6dKu-ZCfEo-QuAsieuAgJBrEm7sBwTeN298NtzVdNQD2Pn9f-9I1dhyUDVsBFJiPlkQbOI8WSEYdN6n2fqwnPRSjqVAl8szqtMuKu_bIP4IZoKHkX5iNG4D-K3WgLLX-CO2JznFf6o/s640/New_Caledonia_in_Darien.jpg" width="522" /></a></div>
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<i>New
Caledonia in Panama, the failed Scottish experiment in New World colonization and trade</i>,
<i>circa 1690.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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The idea of the Panama Canal is a
very old one – first floated in 1534 by King Charles V of Spain, only a few
decades after the European “discovery” of the New World. It was recognized early on what a boon the
short cut would be to whomever could control it. And famously, it also inspired the doomed
Darien Scheme (alternatively referred to as the Darien Disaster). The Caledonia Colony was supposed to put
Scottish settlers on the isthmus, controlling the overland trade between Atlantic
and Pacific (similar to the Dutch East India Company's control of trade in Dutch colonies) in an immense
profit-making-turned-boondoggle - a project by the then-independent country of
Scotland. The subsequent abysmal failure
of the colony bankrupted the country through a kind of a burst financial bubble,
Ponzi scheme, and led directly to the necessity for Scotland to join in a Union
with England in the 1707 Act of Union, which created the United Kingdom. The Darien Scheme had bankrupted the nation,
by dissipating over 30% of the country’s total liquid wealth, and most of the Caledonia colonists died in Panama. </div>
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<i><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">New Map of the Isthmus of Darien in America, The
Bay of Panama, The Gulph of Vallona or St. Michael, with its Islands and
Countries Adjacent, 1699. </span><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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In the 1860’s, the French got
serious about building a canal across Panama’s isthmus, after the success of
their Suez Canal linking the Mediterranean and the Red Seas, thus connecting
Europe and Asia by a shorter water route than shipping around Africa's Cape. After 8 years of set-backs,
including earthquakes, yellow fever, malaria, and floods, the French gave up on
the Panama Canal and left, and plans for a canal lay fallow for 15 years or
so. Eventually, the Americans picked up
the idea, and the design and construction of the Panama Canal absorbed some of
the best technological and engineering minds of the day. There were many geological, political, climatic,
public health, and technical impediments, and the struggle to complete the
canal took over 10 years. A good history
of all the engineering challenges, break-throughs, and triumphs can be viewed
at <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/panama-engineers/">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/panama-engineers/</a>
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There are any number of good books
written on the engineering marvel that is the Canal, including David McCullough’s
1977 classic <i>The Path Between the Seas: The
Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914;</i> <span style="background-color: #ffe599;"> <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Julie Greene’s<span class="apple-converted-space"> 2009 </span><em><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">The Canal Builders: Making America's Empire at the Panama Canal;</span></em></span>
Matthew </span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Parker’s
2007 <em><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Panama Fever: The Epic Story of One of the Greatest Human
Achievements of All Time - The Building of the Panama Canal</span></em>. </span><span style="background-color: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Being constructed in the early 20<sup>th</sup>
century, the thousands and thousands of workers needed to build the canal were
not treated according to today’s standards, turn-over was very high, and there
were severe disparities depending upon race.
Workers were divided into “skilled” or “non-skilled” labor, but those
were merely code words for white workers versus black, native, and asian. Many of the non-US and non-European workers
came from the West Indies, especially Jamaica.
To this day, many Panamanians can trace their ancestry back to Jamaica,
Barbados, and some of the other islands. In addition to discrepancies in pay, housing accommodations,
and food between whites and West Indians, the white workers routinely received
better health care during the inevitable disease outbreaks, although potentially
anyone could die (and did die) from smallpox, yellow fever, malaria, typhoid,
dysentery, and even bubonic plague. There
were also differences in the actual work assignments, with West Indians
primarily being assigned the hardest and most dangerous jobs, such as dynamiting,
and excavation, with the ever present risk of landslides. Due to their poor housing and food, West Indian
workers were more vulnerable to disease and injury, and had a significantly
higher death rate than their white counterparts. Suicide was also prevalent, as were deaths
from snakebites. At least 25,000 workers
died during the canal’s construction, most of them West Indian, and most of those,
Jamaican or Barbadian. There are some
good books written about the Canal’s labor force, such as Michael Conniff’s <i>Black Labor on a White Canal: Panama,
1904-1981</i>; Lancelot Lewis’ <i>The West Indian in Panama: Black Labor in
Panama, 1850-1914</i>; and Velma Newton’s
<i>The Silver Men: West Indian Labour
Migration to Panama, 1850-1914</i>.<br />
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<i style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Coup d'Etat, 1903</i><br />
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<i> This cartoon portrays the intervention that Roosevelt and the US military undertook to support the Panamanian rebels in their
revolt against their Colombian overlords. In helping Panama achieve independence from Colombia,
the US received important financial and legal concessions in their negotiations
for building, maintaining, and profiting from the Canal. Note the gangplank "The Roosevelt Doctrine," which can be seen as an extension of, or a departure from, the Monroe Doctrine of the US objecting to intervention by European powers in Latin America. <o:p></o:p></i></div>
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The Canal, being seen as a very
costly (and “foreign”) endeavor, was not universally embraced by the American
people. Teddy Roosevelt, the Republican president
who spearheaded and championed the project, came under harsh criticism
throughout most of the construction phase.
Delays and cost overruns were rampant. <span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Newspaper Cartoons that lampooned the project abounded.</span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Note the small "Teddy" bear with the telescope to the left of Uncle Sam, a well-known reference to Teddy Roosevelt. Uncle Sam is saying "My, My, Such Possibilities." </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Library of Congress</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDM0pBYbRCuJzh4MAXcmcSC0G0xPpnFaadJ0sZcnbQumq8Lm3y525rtRXpnWrk9geL3EJZuiPLUEUTIzArjpTo_NfH40JcW9B3ubv3X7BRPkMyg2_T-2Wi3TjzmSf8MpXFetZqDR46ffE/s1600/The+President+in+Panama_Washington+Post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDM0pBYbRCuJzh4MAXcmcSC0G0xPpnFaadJ0sZcnbQumq8Lm3y525rtRXpnWrk9geL3EJZuiPLUEUTIzArjpTo_NfH40JcW9B3ubv3X7BRPkMyg2_T-2Wi3TjzmSf8MpXFetZqDR46ffE/s400/The+President+in+Panama_Washington+Post.jpg" width="344" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><i>The President in Panama - The Washington Post. Note again the small Teddy Bear behind Roosevelt with the binoculars. </i></span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Roosevelt made a trip to the Canal Zone in
1906, however, and after his impressive speech to Congress, the tide turned,
and support from the American people was more forthcoming, and even became a
point of pride for decades afterwards.</span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">(See
what a difference an inspirational speech can make?) </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">See a transcript of Roosevelt’s speech at </span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/panama-message/" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/panama-message/</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyLWI3RdH-CBO96mxkSso4WbQCY68GsG4Yhy0NCEereHblettdkCO2HPmKck6q1fy-N_mIo8X_0e44W7YjrWVW61DQki3uK0g5aZCorlXpevFGyiU-jt9_FF4Nwion4LBVtgnr9wGOQ2s/s1600/canal+zone+postage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyLWI3RdH-CBO96mxkSso4WbQCY68GsG4Yhy0NCEereHblettdkCO2HPmKck6q1fy-N_mIo8X_0e44W7YjrWVW61DQki3uK0g5aZCorlXpevFGyiU-jt9_FF4Nwion4LBVtgnr9wGOQ2s/s400/canal+zone+postage.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Postage
Stamp commemorating the 25<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Panama Canal. Note Yankee Clipper plane (carrying air mail) coming in for a landing. <o:p></o:p></i></div>
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The Canal was undeniably a force in
America’s ascendancy, the start of the American Century, and although often
viewed as just another instance of American Imperialism, it did indeed benefit the
entire hemisphere, and probably the world, in many respects. </div>
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By the way, some observant readers
may have noted that although the Canal was completed and opened in 1914, the Kiss
of the Oceans image has a 1915 date on it.
That is because this artwork was created for the 1915 Panama-Pacific
Exposition in San Francisco, California, which was meant as a celebration of
the opening of the canal, but with the additional alternate purpose of showcasing
the city’s revival after the 1906 earthquake.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioKbxZyVuBpli5z_LC3uUZew8ZE7jmhVno7GJydsyNwbCS5kIyq1rpNnQ2huMfGa9F7In3tcJuePawS-ATl7PUdiEEjCU1JZDaoFRJD9pApIjNhRUlKTwA2Idu6ExXUnkHURIa3_yP4nE/s1600/Panama+pacific+1915+exposition+butterfly+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioKbxZyVuBpli5z_LC3uUZew8ZE7jmhVno7GJydsyNwbCS5kIyq1rpNnQ2huMfGa9F7In3tcJuePawS-ATl7PUdiEEjCU1JZDaoFRJD9pApIjNhRUlKTwA2Idu6ExXUnkHURIa3_yP4nE/s640/Panama+pacific+1915+exposition+butterfly+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div>
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Here is another example of a poster
related to the Exposition – it is advertising a flying-around-the-world competition
“under the auspices” of the Exposition. This one, interestingly, features one of
my favorite map projections, the Cahill Butterfly Projection. <span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">For a post on the Butterfly projection (and why I like it) see </span><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/11/whats-your-favorite-map-projection.html" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/11/whats-your-favorite-map-projection.html</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKFp_XwJaBzmNFYAgbTVybnWHbon4DbbJK7BbKjFaqTRC-hnygI5O3GDuqsSQDAuD4VB3GPvzxxMWNShbOSwdBWiZFNPRUPkZouVNImltqpwLz9DmFkmRnMFYGufP-0fogoTofq36ycog/s1600/kiss+of+coeans+variation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKFp_XwJaBzmNFYAgbTVybnWHbon4DbbJK7BbKjFaqTRC-hnygI5O3GDuqsSQDAuD4VB3GPvzxxMWNShbOSwdBWiZFNPRUPkZouVNImltqpwLz9DmFkmRnMFYGufP-0fogoTofq36ycog/s640/kiss+of+coeans+variation.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>There were numerous
versions of the Kiss of the Oceans poster, here are just three more</i>.<br />
<br />
And here are a couple of great cartoons of the day, bashing the US's empire building and involvement in foreign "nation-building." The US was still in its isolationist phase, and popular opinion was large against the expansion of US territories outside the continent. As today, many celebrities and prominent people were against war and government interference in other nations' business (Mark Twain, for instance, was Vice President of the Anti-Imperialist League, as was Samuel Gompers, the labor leader, and Jane Addams, women's suffrage and world peace activist), and also as today, business and industrial interests won out. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdygzOeAqfZXSatB-Hjhg0y6wB2rLNYhgiyEiSqYeme8oD2W2-tXIiI97We7OAWjfPos-FlXFG4SFMv3K2ts47aRbyCc4Q8m-0xn1MKbdlC20Hj1II2yyH8AxFpuJ0E49ivO6oe_Fdji0/s1600/bill+of+fare.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdygzOeAqfZXSatB-Hjhg0y6wB2rLNYhgiyEiSqYeme8oD2W2-tXIiI97We7OAWjfPos-FlXFG4SFMv3K2ts47aRbyCc4Q8m-0xn1MKbdlC20Hj1II2yyH8AxFpuJ0E49ivO6oe_Fdji0/s640/bill+of+fare.gif" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5wwEeprHFEwfsxEPRcTfjtIQPaCieAX2eMDtKfFh3-vgNXpPMJ7hBem6wgNoTBIC7WttEkvEmXOPguTEhRTe3X_46C0KoBOWozEIPTYKymnwyZPxM-Jw20nuaLLXTm-nrIOTZ1x90h0g/s1600/now+will+he+let+go.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5wwEeprHFEwfsxEPRcTfjtIQPaCieAX2eMDtKfFh3-vgNXpPMJ7hBem6wgNoTBIC7WttEkvEmXOPguTEhRTe3X_46C0KoBOWozEIPTYKymnwyZPxM-Jw20nuaLLXTm-nrIOTZ1x90h0g/s640/now+will+he+let+go.gif" width="586" /></a></div>
<span style="text-indent: 48px;"> As Waldo Tobler would say “Everything is related to everything else…..” And The Map Monkey is out to prove that, given enough time to meander, one can start a geography story on just about any topic (i.e. national infrastructure), and end up almost anywhere else (i.e., Panama Canal, Scottish New World Colonies, World's Fairs, Butterfly Projection, American Anti-Imperialist League). </span></div>
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[This post is dedicated to my Dad (Daddy-o) who often spoke about the 7th Wonder of the Modern World, the Panama Canal, and always said one of the highlights of his life was traveling through it and experiencing it first-hand. He was born in the year the Canal was completed, and would have celebrated his 99th birthday this week.]</div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-80573008892255602672013-02-15T12:26:00.000-05:002014-01-05T23:41:54.495-05:00Maps as Art, Art as Maps<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDiSXPejbOkM94kDGaTrPtL-7eAv1phXbDYrun8OQQVvmvVL3MUwVOZgExqxMOvXDyDJXEBf09NjxbJ3i_hGWs2fc76ehZl56bny3alQH_OqLD4UANYsqCx-xIGhVKtYsCQXDHK6I2lwQ/s1600/Contemporary-Cartographies_apple.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDiSXPejbOkM94kDGaTrPtL-7eAv1phXbDYrun8OQQVvmvVL3MUwVOZgExqxMOvXDyDJXEBf09NjxbJ3i_hGWs2fc76ehZl56bny3alQH_OqLD4UANYsqCx-xIGhVKtYsCQXDHK6I2lwQ/s640/Contemporary-Cartographies_apple.jpg" height="576" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i style="text-indent: 0.5in;">“Contemporary
Cartographies” An exhibit of artwork using maps as their foundations.</i><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><a href="http://www.lehman.edu/vpadvance/artgallery/gallery/" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">http://www.lehman.edu/vpadvance/artgallery/gallery/</a><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">February 5 – May 11, 2013</span></div>
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Maps are very “in” these days. Everywhere we go, it seems, we see maps as framed
wall art, murals, clothing, furniture, cell phone covers, and in every which
way incorporated into daily life. In one
of my next posts, I am going to explore some of these trendy uses of maps,
which are legion! In this same vein,
maps, now more than ever, are being incorporated into art. So in addition to the “low-brow” use of maps
for commercial appeal and as a design motif (mainly employed to sell stuff –
some pop culture maven pronounced that maps are cool so now everyone thinks so!),
maps also have acquired a caché
as a “high brow” motif in “fine art.” (I
put “fine art” between the quotes, because not everyone agrees with the artificial
and tortured distinctions between the practical arts and the fine arts,
including myself. But it remains a fact
of life that galleries sell fine art, and stores sell the other kind). </div>
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So there are maps used for “commercial”
purposes, and then there are maps as fine art.
Then, (and let’s not lose sight of the fact) there are the maps created
for a particular (actual geographical!) purpose by cartographers (and would-be
cartographers since now – since Google Earth and VGI - “anyone can make a map!”). There is a fine line, and one might even say
not a boundary line of demarcation at all, but a blending, between the
cartographer as artist and as scientist.
I think that many of my blog posts have demonstrated the combined art
and science of cartography, and that is what so many people find fascinating
about maps. In addition to being
beautiful, maps are also informative, and I would argue that many of these
would fall under the heading of “map art,” telling us everything from how to
get from Point A to Point B, to where all the oil rigs are in the Gulf of
Mexico, (a nice example of a Google-type map with user-added thematic info)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJh-i5X96BNSM0aCoJyuoYkRBLo2WXZM0_3nw_pJaO-4jghX93fm7bqKypGeyGOi6MVBqDCJeH2t8WmFiTM8WdP-6Vj5vrTfReaqT41gtRJaMGMjVbB8INj3sjYcWK80SCTgWcrGn_v4U/s1600/oil+rigs+in+the+gulf+of+mexico.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJh-i5X96BNSM0aCoJyuoYkRBLo2WXZM0_3nw_pJaO-4jghX93fm7bqKypGeyGOi6MVBqDCJeH2t8WmFiTM8WdP-6Vj5vrTfReaqT41gtRJaMGMjVbB8INj3sjYcWK80SCTgWcrGn_v4U/s400/oil+rigs+in+the+gulf+of+mexico.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://landofmaps.tumblr.com/post/42104701005/oil-rigs-in-the-gulf-of-mexico-1400x931">http://landofmaps.tumblr.com/post/42104701005/oil-rigs-in-the-gulf-of-mexico-1400x931</a>
to a way of visualizing from which countries immigrants come and in what
proportion they make up the immigrant pool in the host countries, via
typographic maps (maps using text – typography – to create the map image) </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQm1yWgD82MMaGGCFtXHb3DVXSRPcbZTLmF-CuHGhL93Sx_UNSwK_0QLNz5CqzCyXdt4lqRnX9cxFxIv6cDZRheAB2KFoPq0yaUPpALr_hyydRtwFSA92HX6M4NC7ThEelRKPpu6nim7E/s1600/typographic+map+of+immigrants_L.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQm1yWgD82MMaGGCFtXHb3DVXSRPcbZTLmF-CuHGhL93Sx_UNSwK_0QLNz5CqzCyXdt4lqRnX9cxFxIv6cDZRheAB2KFoPq0yaUPpALr_hyydRtwFSA92HX6M4NC7ThEelRKPpu6nim7E/s640/typographic+map+of+immigrants_L.jpg" height="640" width="514" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://landofmaps.tumblr.com/post/42242170904/where-migrants-come-from-1500x1866-x-post-from">http://landofmaps.tumblr.com/post/42242170904/where-migrants-come-from-1500x1866-x-post-from</a>, to maps making a political/social point such as the number of inhabitants per doctor in the world (using ratios/numbers to make up the
landform shapes). </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrUNzI4X9Dni1g4GEhQO-zOitsxfXeoDGrohk6WSUNZGd0qZ9b1-90wy6q-zdp-HwHR3ai6b6DWsxI9oP-XVxS3nJxEA7EDcpJ1tfbAwl9qSFAHR3OH1mnebBer2P4bKEy5n7IDTh02gk/s1600/doctors+per+population.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrUNzI4X9Dni1g4GEhQO-zOitsxfXeoDGrohk6WSUNZGd0qZ9b1-90wy6q-zdp-HwHR3ai6b6DWsxI9oP-XVxS3nJxEA7EDcpJ1tfbAwl9qSFAHR3OH1mnebBer2P4bKEy5n7IDTh02gk/s640/doctors+per+population.jpg" height="452" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://landofmaps.tumblr.com/post/38760402305/map-of-inhabitants-per-doctor-in-the-world">http://landofmaps.tumblr.com/post/38760402305/map-of-inhabitants-per-doctor-in-the-world</a>
to “cool” street-wise views of urban
life, such as "The Street Wear Map,” a mapping of the various brands of sneakers
hanging from power lines between the Orange and the Red line subway alignments
in greater Boston, using ArcGIS, Google Street View, Illustrator, and
Photoshop, by David Buckley Borden at </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi3gPHpHeYjTouJeGjuMiBrD9dA2C579Ccl3bzsUVy7s9RTyfR0QrTrrJxAGQbZbDTEjwBSjaQfbjFhDp9gbpupn8CcYrN3Y3QG8IbAy-x25-NGhHyp7XmiyWw5VA25ZkMdqA-QReUIBs/s1600/sneaker+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi3gPHpHeYjTouJeGjuMiBrD9dA2C579Ccl3bzsUVy7s9RTyfR0QrTrrJxAGQbZbDTEjwBSjaQfbjFhDp9gbpupn8CcYrN3Y3QG8IbAy-x25-NGhHyp7XmiyWw5VA25ZkMdqA-QReUIBs/s640/sneaker+map.jpg" height="640" width="602" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://davidbuckleyborden.tumblr.com/post/42245974487/street-wear-map-mapping-of-sneakers-hanging-from">http://davidbuckleyborden.tumblr.com/post/42245974487/street-wear-map-mapping-of-sneakers-hanging-from</a>
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But then there are actual artists,
who make no pretense of being cartographers, <i>per se</i>, and aren’t particularly interested in showing us how to get
anywhere via graphics, or in showing us a new way to visualize quantitative data. These artists work with maps and map imagery
as an underlying basis for their art, but maps are more of a backdrop for them,
or a way to explore the relationship in art amongst space, time, color,
texture, emotions, and narrative. Maps
are so evocative. Who isn’t put into a
reverie, or even a trance, when faced with a map? In many cases, these artists use map imagery
to express the geography of their souls.
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Now, at the Lehman College Art
Gallery in Da Bronx, they are showing some contemporary artists who use map
imagery in their work. The exhibit is
called “Contemporary Cartographies,” and its curators describe it as follows: “The exhibition will include a group of contemporary artists
who uses the language and imagery of maps to communicate an array of ideas. Artists in this exhibition work in various
styles, adapting, manipulating, and inventing maps to giving them new meanings.
Some of them use fictional narratives
and create imaginary cartographies; others conceive a work that updates the new
geopolitical orders. Still others approach the map aesthetically or as material
in itself. Humor too plays an important role in defining these borders.” From <a href="http://www.lehman.edu/vpadvance/artgallery/gallery/">http://www.lehman.edu/vpadvance/artgallery/gallery/</a>
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One of my
favorite map artists (I would actually term her a cartographer if I had to
chose between that occupation and artist) is <strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Paula Scher, whose work appears in the Lehman show. You can check out her stuff at </span></strong><a href="http://www.paulaschermaps.com/">http://www.paulaschermaps.com/</a><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;"> and also on various of my blog postings, such
as the one on typographic maps at </span></strong><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/05/motw-5-7-2012foods-of-british-isles.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/05/motw-5-7-2012foods-of-british-isles.html</a><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;"> <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxyvvtD8F0kyUkgotAfq2Qg2OvBn5sOvU1gZd9fNwnBTxps4jO06HoI3xQv_Ds31ifJyvDdD45pBu796_GzZigk8gWEMwcX_6r8JAsdllpXnRX2vPjwl-Kqjn1wrsG_Qiz7kij-yKCM5E/s1600/totally_dublin_paula_scher_africa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxyvvtD8F0kyUkgotAfq2Qg2OvBn5sOvU1gZd9fNwnBTxps4jO06HoI3xQv_Ds31ifJyvDdD45pBu796_GzZigk8gWEMwcX_6r8JAsdllpXnRX2vPjwl-Kqjn1wrsG_Qiz7kij-yKCM5E/s640/totally_dublin_paula_scher_africa.jpg" height="640" width="540" /></a></div>
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<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Here’s one of hers –South America. I love it because it shows the Galapagos and
the Falkland Islands as little inset vignettes, floating as bubbles in the ocean. <o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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There have been
other art-map exhibits such as Pratt Gallery’s 2010 “You are Here: Mapping the
Psychogeography of New York” which was featured in my blog about unconventional
NYC maps <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/unconventional-yet-informative-maps-of.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/unconventional-yet-informative-maps-of.html</a> You can see more of the Pratt exhibit at <a href="http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20101018/chelsea-hells-kitchen/unconventional-nyc-maps-spotlighted-at-pratt-gallery-exhibit/slideshow/popup/40935#ixzz1PNtxmkEv">http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20101018/chelsea-hells-kitchen/unconventional-nyc-maps-spotlighted-at-pratt-gallery-exhibit/slideshow/popup/40935#ixzz1PNtxmkEv</a> <span style="background-color: #ffe599;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Artist Liz Hickok and several work-study students worked morning til
late-evening for 10 days to build "Fugitive Topography: Jelly NYC, View
From the Staten Island Ferry."</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicm15WfNCkGX_WUQ7v9xFWqvVkfLV4yIe23hHRsjtH0HwN-swo69fiWdqkXdHaM8fKPZuAJnie8i7TlVSLTWAaJseRtwxwrkoccXvL2ZB5gK20UO-eXDbra0I2Og1P6imGyvLbnAu-S40/s1600/story_xlimage_2010_10_R9115_NYC_Cartography_ExhibitJPEG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicm15WfNCkGX_WUQ7v9xFWqvVkfLV4yIe23hHRsjtH0HwN-swo69fiWdqkXdHaM8fKPZuAJnie8i7TlVSLTWAaJseRtwxwrkoccXvL2ZB5gK20UO-eXDbra0I2Og1P6imGyvLbnAu-S40/s640/story_xlimage_2010_10_R9115_NYC_Cartography_ExhibitJPEG.jpg" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">A similar exhibit
of art-maps was assembled last year (November, 2011) by the Central Booking Art
Space in Brooklyn called “Mapping the Surface.”
Maddy Rosenburg, the gallery’s director and curator, writes: “We are accustomed to looking at maps in attempts to find
direction, our relationship to a physical interpretation of the land. But that
land can be more than a city or country, it can help us to navigate our bodies,
to understand our environment beyond its physicality into the realm of cultural
space, and to grasp an understanding though the visceral. Cartographers can
tell us more than just the routes from one point to another, they can map
terrains of landscape or psychological space, that amorphous state that adds up
to a sense of a place beyond mere cataloging. They can also reduce all to the
basic, the pure essence of line and plane. We may glide across the surface but
there always seems to be a rumble below it, roaming around a skin that is, as
skin is, porous and organic.” </span><a href="http://centralbookingnyc.com/galleries/gallery-2-art_science/present-exhibitions/" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">http://centralbookingnyc.com/galleries/gallery-2-art_science/present-exhibitions/</a><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div>
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This description is getting very close to psychogeography
and emotion mapping, as I discuss in my post on the topic. <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/10/map-of-week-10-3-2011-emotion-mapping.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/10/map-of-week-10-3-2011-emotion-mapping.html</a> Most of these types
of maps come across as “art” to me. Many
of these works are not too distantly related to mental mapping, as well. <o:p></o:p></div>
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I have put
together a little collection of my own (recent and otherwise) favorite art-maps,
or maps as art, or art as maps, for your viewing enjoyment, starting with the
grand-daddy of interpretive maps, by Jasper Johns, his 1961 “Interpretive Map
of the United States.” </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgsKIlIIOUYAwsN6QftSkN3QvLzPp8K0GR-Njk0S5k0SVIToap0fpysjMyI9-Rz1mwA7cpwaN6js61IkoXmrxjeB-a-BToiQ7Iqc5S6tE-4NcndbyT0Jhtv7lwCTpT2q2G18XDSpcU1w/s1600/jasper-johns-1961-map-united-states.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbgsKIlIIOUYAwsN6QftSkN3QvLzPp8K0GR-Njk0S5k0SVIToap0fpysjMyI9-Rz1mwA7cpwaN6js61IkoXmrxjeB-a-BToiQ7Iqc5S6tE-4NcndbyT0Jhtv7lwCTpT2q2G18XDSpcU1w/s640/jasper-johns-1961-map-united-states.jpg" height="426" width="640" /></a></div>
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<strong><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Jasper Johns, 1961, Interpretive
Map of the United States<o:p></o:p></span></i></strong></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivXZlKxC3BBREbOx3c6QyZu4xZ4fFQf3UVIRlK9bFwgDQGsJG6GOWNuPt0PoTOwtwZ5VBHEC5K6c_118a449Bcw_Dw-7-pa-a40-RmqriA-DsABOVKsyWhzQe5dW5DcqUXiLRWLk_r6ZY/s1600/electronic+superhighway+nam+june+paik+1995+smithsonian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivXZlKxC3BBREbOx3c6QyZu4xZ4fFQf3UVIRlK9bFwgDQGsJG6GOWNuPt0PoTOwtwZ5VBHEC5K6c_118a449Bcw_Dw-7-pa-a40-RmqriA-DsABOVKsyWhzQe5dW5DcqUXiLRWLk_r6ZY/s640/electronic+superhighway+nam+june+paik+1995+smithsonian.jpg" height="426" width="640" /></a></div>
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<strong><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">And here’s Nam June
Paik’s 1995 "Electronic Superhighway," from the Smithsonian<o:p></o:p></span></i></strong></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjmdq2_9Z2SjyWxPiPu2Qh7EitYWC0qvGhqZT5VEtrzALgYo-S18gkpiBc2Wr8BP3of9MLbgQv362EjFSeGGKooTj5eB8MlWOh3VTqyo8n6XIbwUQ7M60Ar0_EakbwInH6kMatfQQZcP0/s1600/rankin+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjmdq2_9Z2SjyWxPiPu2Qh7EitYWC0qvGhqZT5VEtrzALgYo-S18gkpiBc2Wr8BP3of9MLbgQv362EjFSeGGKooTj5eB8MlWOh3VTqyo8n6XIbwUQ7M60Ar0_EakbwInH6kMatfQQZcP0/s640/rankin+2.jpg" height="640" width="428" /></a></div>
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<i style="background-color: #ffe599;">Artifacts
(detail) 2011, water-soaked map fragments, adhesive, paper 30 x 44 </i><span style="background-color: #ffe599; text-indent: 0.5in;"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">“Shannon Rankin’s intricately patterned
installations explore the relationship between physical place and intangible
experience.” </span></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">“In search of finding
connections between geography, anatomy, and botany, I combine the visual
elements of maps, anatomical illustrations, and natural forms to explore themes
of travel, healing, and time. </span></strong></span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">I create
installations, collages and sculptures that use the language of maps to explore
the connections among geological and biological processes, patterns in nature,
geometry and anatomy. Using a variety of
distinct styles I intricately cut, score, wrinkle, layer, fold, paint and pin
maps to produce revised versions that often become more like the terrains they
represent. These new geographies explore notions of place, perception and
experience, suggesting the potential for a broader landscape and inviting
viewers to examine their relationships with each other and the world we share.” Shannon Rankin <a href="http://artistshannonrankin.com/home.html">http://artistshannonrankin.com/home.html</a></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE422NzHclL7XMGqsnTispNF7j0NmioklDkMWavgBmvqLC89VzBy0euq-sxc0-7mEPH8yU3NIwz0iXc6IsmsgBpBaKMUJGiPZ1hql57qKoyolboWR7Ef6j0NDgi75ztYwDN6shXEjSKzc/s1600/rankin+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE422NzHclL7XMGqsnTispNF7j0NmioklDkMWavgBmvqLC89VzBy0euq-sxc0-7mEPH8yU3NIwz0iXc6IsmsgBpBaKMUJGiPZ1hql57qKoyolboWR7Ef6j0NDgi75ztYwDN6shXEjSKzc/s640/rankin+3.jpg" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirkrtghfi4Lxr7A25-pgWLV13s_d-byntqjxqz8qyebaTvURZZa9LCmECRoH_-P_x3RS2ZQAKI8Q6HfHX2GB9f3m65Bfiojo1DXnQmjSahkOFaXGlX0rDZlM6J9Sdbb2vHh1dcjybKuek/s1600/the+Keeper+by+Selflesh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirkrtghfi4Lxr7A25-pgWLV13s_d-byntqjxqz8qyebaTvURZZa9LCmECRoH_-P_x3RS2ZQAKI8Q6HfHX2GB9f3m65Bfiojo1DXnQmjSahkOFaXGlX0rDZlM6J9Sdbb2vHh1dcjybKuek/s640/the+Keeper+by+Selflesh.jpg" height="640" width="414" /></a></div>
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<i>The Keeper </i>by selflesh (who
appears to be the alter-ego of Shannon Rankin). Image measures approximately 8" x
14" An archival print of an
original map collage made with vintage maps, embroidered with blue thread and
painted gouache dots.<strong><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbkx1IzL1p4z6io_hI-t3GvbFI77DHC7ixcmktkdm8_NXnzO25z1poEhLiDvPCDORzhgvTdf6ymQcESCzaXg2Spj_U1OYYOi2WhNusuY-CqFX4tc5citDH706RSuw2w0hVAV4_-0j0UBU/s1600/marwan_rechmaoui_beirut_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbkx1IzL1p4z6io_hI-t3GvbFI77DHC7ixcmktkdm8_NXnzO25z1poEhLiDvPCDORzhgvTdf6ymQcESCzaXg2Spj_U1OYYOi2WhNusuY-CqFX4tc5citDH706RSuw2w0hVAV4_-0j0UBU/s640/marwan_rechmaoui_beirut_3.jpg" height="640" width="424" /></a></div>
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<i>Beirut Caoutchouc, by Marwan
Rechmaoui, 2004, Engraved rubber, 3 x 825 x 675 cm</i>. The Saatchi Gallery </div>
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Marwin Rechmaoui is a Lebanese artist whose work often deals with themes of urban development and social history. His <i>Beirut Caoutchouc</i> is a large black rubber floor mat in the shape of Beirut's current map. Embossed in precise detail with roads and byways and segmented into 60 individual pieces demarcating neiborhoods, Rechmaoui's installation scrutinizes the physical and social formation of one of the world's most conflicted cities. Through this piece, Rechmaoui highlights there divisions to question the underlying causes and consequences of cultural difference, affiliation, and identity, and explore how the city's troubled history has both impacted and shaped the everyday lives of its inhabitants. </div>
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<o:p></o:p><a href="http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/artists/artpages/marwan_rechmaoui_beirut_3.htm">http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/artists/artpages/marwan_rechmaoui_beirut_3.htm</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9_aoKeO_ZvXzif3Ym5Ccr7t25mwGeg2OnK3lweA1sb-f0cLEi9B84pwRWhFk67t7Dyj3NQrT6S-W4GkASOLQ_rSqGriQU7mQEha_L7Txz36dwQwMHB85pBkOvCvQVt3StO0fE55pLx7E/s1600/Edward-Fairburn-yatzer-12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9_aoKeO_ZvXzif3Ym5Ccr7t25mwGeg2OnK3lweA1sb-f0cLEi9B84pwRWhFk67t7Dyj3NQrT6S-W4GkASOLQ_rSqGriQU7mQEha_L7Txz36dwQwMHB85pBkOvCvQVt3StO0fE55pLx7E/s640/Edward-Fairburn-yatzer-12.jpg" height="640" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Detail from "Cambridge," Human
Geographies, by Ed Fairburn<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<a href="http://www.yatzer.com/Human-Geographies-maps-Ed-Fairburn">http://www.yatzer.com/Human-Geographies-maps-Ed-Fairburn</a> <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil2T_58BDrhwtmFXCNE1tuNmquAhQCRXK9p0nA1KBwtkYaKEvouXm4FXGVyOctGQUtadOAfeuILdRm6bTfMvgL0UoXNswGFNuJu-E2hcpNKJwqP44RKe4gh4a85YCESXqM1eenf7sYwXA/s1600/Mirror+USA+Bill+Will.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil2T_58BDrhwtmFXCNE1tuNmquAhQCRXK9p0nA1KBwtkYaKEvouXm4FXGVyOctGQUtadOAfeuILdRm6bTfMvgL0UoXNswGFNuJu-E2hcpNKJwqP44RKe4gh4a85YCESXqM1eenf7sYwXA/s640/Mirror+USA+Bill+Will.jpg" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>A
couple by Bill Will, Portland, Oregon installation artist, and teacher at the
Oregon College of Art and Craft. I love
that, on his website, he lists the lat-long coordinates of his studio location!</i> <a href="http://www.billwillstudio.com/index.php?/information/bio/">http://www.billwillstudio.com/index.php?/information/bio/</a> <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDHitgAMo7HDcK7wZ83cxEmhX5XqL0-sylvn_rYJat7o9DRrgsZncq7nSflTnRGHy9kQiCPxyYuJm357Xf4qBgeIsslviz2jTTMMehtcPbjFWng499wLbWoSJDkAxI7O4lN8jacXyXm1I/s1600/bill+will+plant+world+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDHitgAMo7HDcK7wZ83cxEmhX5XqL0-sylvn_rYJat7o9DRrgsZncq7nSflTnRGHy9kQiCPxyYuJm357Xf4qBgeIsslviz2jTTMMehtcPbjFWng499wLbWoSJDkAxI7O4lN8jacXyXm1I/s640/bill+will+plant+world+map.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja49vD1GvW2233aZMfScxT_VP1ECa_E6NrEWtO9bYoB-Zh5xsM5Rf5Wg8r4XkVOg0xLHJ2_Sp1Ap0Jie5tBCrTJztlZL_awKO4BFwzqNPfAJB_4j4ak9BApqSDnGxPXjqvloyuhyphenhyphenPmjYI/s1600/auburn+hills+mi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja49vD1GvW2233aZMfScxT_VP1ECa_E6NrEWtO9bYoB-Zh5xsM5Rf5Wg8r4XkVOg0xLHJ2_Sp1Ap0Jie5tBCrTJztlZL_awKO4BFwzqNPfAJB_4j4ak9BApqSDnGxPXjqvloyuhyphenhyphenPmjYI/s640/auburn+hills+mi.jpg" height="640" width="426" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><em><span style="color: #2b2b2b;">1000 Chrysler Drive, Auburn Hills, Michigan, from the
series “Anthropocene,” k</span></em><i><span style="color: #2b2b2b; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">aleidoscope-inspired aerial images </span></i><i><span style="color: #2b2b2b; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">from Dublin photographer David Thomas Smith</span></i><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><em><span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">“Composited
from digital files drawn from aerial views taken from internet satellite
images, this work reflects upon the complex structures that make up the centers
of global capitalism, transforming the aerial landscapes of sites associated
with industries such as oil, precious metals, consumer culture information and
excess. Thousands of seemingly insignificant coded pieces of information are
sown together like knots in a rug to reveal a grander spectacle.</span></em><span style="color: #2b2b2b;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><em><span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Questions of
photographic and economic realities are further complicated through the formal
use of patterns that have their origins in the ancient civilizations of Persia.
This work draws upon the patterns and motifs used by Persian rug makers,
especially the way Afghani weavers use the rug to record their experiences more
literally with vivid images of the war torn land that surrounds them. </span></em><span style="color: #2b2b2b;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><em><span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">This
collision between the old and the new, fact and fiction, surveillance and
invisibility, is part of a strategy to reflect on the global order of things.”
From the artist’s website, and check out some of his other images at </span></em><a href="http://david-thomas-smith.blogspot.com/p/anthropocene.html">http://david-thomas-smith.blogspot.com/p/anthropocene.html</a><em><span style="color: #2b2b2b; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span></em><span style="color: #2b2b2b;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="color: #2b2b2b;">Also check out the website </span><a href="http://rorschmap.com/" target="_blank">Rorschmap</a><span style="color: #2b2b2b;">. It creates the
same type of composites (albeit, in lower quality) using Google Street View
images.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7FFXun9hcYNKcy_J_nQOOgjwRdmujtEvRVM79Ryv_Zy_Mk9jKRInUxLAfoEunnN5wySYrDamxjkCKUmIn8_71jPK0D_pqkgUKDMVu2LKr-c3QfZXN9BmQXo7Zl_0AcBBImNRHS_jelOE/s1600/antarctica+penguin+collage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7FFXun9hcYNKcy_J_nQOOgjwRdmujtEvRVM79Ryv_Zy_Mk9jKRInUxLAfoEunnN5wySYrDamxjkCKUmIn8_71jPK0D_pqkgUKDMVu2LKr-c3QfZXN9BmQXo7Zl_0AcBBImNRHS_jelOE/s640/antarctica+penguin+collage.jpg" height="640" width="506" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<i>Antarctica
Penguin Map Collage, by dadadreams at <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/dadadreams/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/dadadreams/</a>
<o:p></o:p></i><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqXI4iUmi7-ozgw4sbE4vzaCh-BgV_H-xedqKJ8bMAciCGVxqZzJJyJVVY1izZjnz80RxN7a-4Z_Q9CQsymP0JFi_AYOEY9dCzcVvO_xea4g-migV6ll9YivY3ZiEdlTEv5iX8MSTiMhI/s1600/Hudson+River+Watershed+Redstone+studios.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqXI4iUmi7-ozgw4sbE4vzaCh-BgV_H-xedqKJ8bMAciCGVxqZzJJyJVVY1izZjnz80RxN7a-4Z_Q9CQsymP0JFi_AYOEY9dCzcVvO_xea4g-migV6ll9YivY3ZiEdlTEv5iX8MSTiMhI/s1600/Hudson+River+Watershed+Redstone+studios.jpg" /></a></div>
<i> The Hudson River and its Watershed, hand-drawn map by Redstone Studios</i><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHND6u9gR2XuN-bg8MzWCJBn_LZqedguRST8YpnB5_uupqF_eu18lQOc4gCj5TLPI1nD5KISzeZmT_atkPP6DxNRp4VHmtJviFOcUy48TSYtwD2iHkR1OXDVBBMiFiq3nOQKBxuOekUK8/s1600/east+village_redstone+studios.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHND6u9gR2XuN-bg8MzWCJBn_LZqedguRST8YpnB5_uupqF_eu18lQOc4gCj5TLPI1nD5KISzeZmT_atkPP6DxNRp4VHmtJviFOcUy48TSYtwD2iHkR1OXDVBBMiFiq3nOQKBxuOekUK8/s640/east+village_redstone+studios.jpg" height="640" width="565" /></a></div>
I am not sure it we should categorize these two as "art" or "cartography," but all the maps by Redstone Studios are like this: hand drawn maps, commemorating personal events or interests, usually by commission, and all incredibly detailed and beautiful.<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> <a href="http://www.redstonestudios.com/maps1.php" style="font-size: 12pt;">http://www.redstonestudios.com/maps1.php</a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd2t_mCqjUkegl2EMP4YSrNz_JVAodDNcSqT8SuvHCEuxF25OZVtGSRtf25l9k8hYyYxg4RsYoVHuZNQ4vM3lCwr3Rm1h4aCXMObQQnjvy3j2jBDNSRh_9KYzzS73FZk97ps1mOnr5zZY/s1600/indiana+girl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd2t_mCqjUkegl2EMP4YSrNz_JVAodDNcSqT8SuvHCEuxF25OZVtGSRtf25l9k8hYyYxg4RsYoVHuZNQ4vM3lCwr3Rm1h4aCXMObQQnjvy3j2jBDNSRh_9KYzzS73FZk97ps1mOnr5zZY/s640/indiana+girl.jpg" height="640" width="486" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<i>Attribution
unknown. Indiana Map Girl<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2bcHyAtwa9lsg-w_nuvrtO7Ca2RrJnNKmBHUcGkGg9XE0qv6p6yiozGk5go1zRE8Qt4Pha7z38eoc0SNssMUF5x65RlwHUEh_Z1i9KPPZNh0BFSbD-DWBRkNr3RrT0Id55y9uhuANMqA/s1600/bosch_creation+of+the+world.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2bcHyAtwa9lsg-w_nuvrtO7Ca2RrJnNKmBHUcGkGg9XE0qv6p6yiozGk5go1zRE8Qt4Pha7z38eoc0SNssMUF5x65RlwHUEh_Z1i9KPPZNh0BFSbD-DWBRkNr3RrT0Id55y9uhuANMqA/s640/bosch_creation+of+the+world.jpg" height="640" width="590" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<i>Hieronymus
Bosch - The Garden of Earthly Delights - The exterior (shutters).</i><i><o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
And
here are a couple of oldies but goodies: the outer panels (exterior shutters)
of the triptych “The Garden of Earthly Delights,” by Hieronymus Bosch, 15<sup>th</sup>
century Nederlandish artist. It shows
the creation of the world, probably on the Third Day, during the creation of
plant life, but before the appearance of animals and humans. This stark grey-green world is in sharp
contrast to the inside of the painting, the vivid and lustful garden of
paradise, paradise lost, and hell. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLnbyMvcTO7OZ1AISmsJhldq9_KgtQNIBtzCeFNd6x093Rm4UfAQg2wfaNE57dEK7YtlkTREgkpL7vK0Tdrb43rprmeY6VT7_o-D-e9G74howM_Ov9WzXd24qSgveekqJo-7h65w5bCxY/s1600/Studies-for-the-Days-of-Creation-by-Sir-Edward-Coley-Burne-Jones.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLnbyMvcTO7OZ1AISmsJhldq9_KgtQNIBtzCeFNd6x093Rm4UfAQg2wfaNE57dEK7YtlkTREgkpL7vK0Tdrb43rprmeY6VT7_o-D-e9G74howM_Ov9WzXd24qSgveekqJo-7h65w5bCxY/s640/Studies-for-the-Days-of-Creation-by-Sir-Edward-Coley-Burne-Jones.jpg" height="296" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<i>Pencil
Sketch of “The Days of Creation,” by Edward Burne-Jones, 1871.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
This one I just
came across recently on the excellent “The History Blog.” It is a study sketch by one of my favorite
Pre-Raphaelite artists, Sir Edward Burne-Jones, and coincidentally also depicts
the creation of the world. It was a
study for a painting, but there was also a series of stained glass windows
fabricated by William Morris for a church in Northamptonshire based on the same
sketches. “The picture is divided into
six compartments, each representing a day in the Creation of the World, under
the symbol of an angel holding a crystal globe, within which is shown the work
of a day. For instance, in the first
compartment stands the lonely angel of the First Day, and within the crystal
ball Light is being separated from Darkness.”
Wow. From: <a href="http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/22832">http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/22832</a>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
And don’t forget to (re-)visit my post about the memorable and creative “Bogus Art Maps” by students in Geovisualization and
Analytical Cartography class a couple of years ago, where the maps are created in
the style of various famous artists, at <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/02/bogus-art-maps.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/02/bogus-art-maps.html</a>
, and David Carter’s painting of Europe According to Vincent van Gogh at <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/12/map-of-week-12-26-2011the-world-of.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/12/map-of-week-12-26-2011the-world-of.html</a> Also, also, see the Hand-drawn Maps at the London Museum <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/07/hand-drawn-maps-at-london-museum.html" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/07/hand-drawn-maps-at-london-museum.html</a><br />
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<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
So, this is just
the tip of the iceberg in terms of contemporary and past art-maps. If any of you have any favorite art maps,
please e-mail them to me at <a href="mailto:YahMonForReal@aol.com" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">YahMonForReal@aol.com</a> <span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">and I will post them, as appropriate. </span><br />
<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><b><u>UPDATE:</u></b> Feb 20, 2013</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
For all of you interested in mental mapping, memory
mapping, psychogeography, etc, I recommend taking a look at the website <span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.fringeartsbath.co.uk/is-this-bath">http://www.fringeartsbath.co.uk/is-this-bath</a></span><br />
about Bath's Annual Fringe Visual Arts Festival (Bath, of course, as in Bath, England,
the locale of the famous Roman baths and a beautiful Georgian crescent city).
Anyway, this year they are focusing on mapping their city, kind of citizen
mapping, and exhibiting the results in something called "Is This
Bath?"<br />
<div>
</div>
<div>
Some of their suggestions for making a personal, unofficial
map of your city are really nice, and I would love to see someone do something
like this in NYC. Very cool! </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv200851697MsoNormal" id="yui_3_7_2_1_1359068934532_8209">
Here is part of what they say, but check out some of the actual maps on the site. </div>
<div class="yiv200851697MsoNormal">
"Call for
Submissions:</div>
<div class="yiv200851697MsoNormal">
Opportunity to create and exhibit
your own map of Bath as part of Fringe Arts Bath.</div>
<div class="yiv200851697MsoNormal">
An invitation for work that
creatively ‘maps’ an individual’s interpretation of Bath. Not judged on
geographical accuracy, inventive submissions based on genuine experience will be
merited. Work might enlighten the visitor, amuse the local or challenge a
perception of Bath.</div>
What have you experienced in Bath that 'official' maps of Bath
don't communicate?<br />
<br />
The possibilities are endless, for example.... <br />
* A
map of your dog's favourite walking route <br />
* The best cider pubs (and what
happened there!) <br />
* Places you've worked <br />
* Memories of a student past
<br />
* Benches you've eaten a pasty on <br />
* Holiday encounters with Bath <br />
*
Pigeon hotspots <br />
* The location of your dream property
portfolio"<br />
<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><b><u>UPDATE February 26, 2013:</u></b></span><br />
Also see <a href="http://www.lehman.edu/academics/eggs/documents/Maps_forweb_000.pdf" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">http://www.lehman.edu/academics/eggs/documents/Maps_forweb_000.pdf</a><br />
for my February 23rd, 2013 presentation on "Cartography and Communication: Telling the Story with Maps," in conjunction with the "Contemporary Cartographies" exhibit at the Lehman Art Gallery. </div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-5069682800796427622013-02-11T16:24:00.002-05:002013-02-21T18:55:42.639-05:00Crime and Lead in the Environment<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF1l2MoprgQK92zBp-Oum5q9y0ul_do7UnTolXIGh3xi2DfhqV1XKjGKydML6Zoaqp0jY1t3ZQ6H0_lFVsZN0GYJ9z0GoPU-pjKqKS766ek4NK-H2U1UBZOIAPB6sd7FSs-ae7OTc86lo/s1600/Lead_NEWOrleans_630.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF1l2MoprgQK92zBp-Oum5q9y0ul_do7UnTolXIGh3xi2DfhqV1XKjGKydML6Zoaqp0jY1t3ZQ6H0_lFVsZN0GYJ9z0GoPU-pjKqKS766ek4NK-H2U1UBZOIAPB6sd7FSs-ae7OTc86lo/s640/Lead_NEWOrleans_630.gif" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Could
exposure to lead in the environment be the cause of excessive violence in the
20th century? </i><i><span lang="EN">In New
Orleans, lead levels [in the soil] can vary dramatically from one neighborhood
to the next—and the poorest neighborhoods tend to be the worst hit. At the
neighborhood level, these match up well with crime rate maps. </span></i><span lang="EN">Maps by Karen Minot<i> </i>in </span>“America’s Real Criminal
Element: Lead” from: <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/01/lead-crime-link-gasoline">http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/01/lead-crime-link-gasoline</a> </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqYpuyMbTMpENddxj3g_w1z-fN7aXYvvn99ExYZk_ntSxh900p7V2hEUCvO_A3YfOosnTe7cR18GnTsyc2zMhqW5GXnWUQb582HgXpdvRZKNyBGMCX98UfWfG5sz314CBpS9YE4jJB4OE/s1600/Lead_Income_NEWOrleans_630.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqYpuyMbTMpENddxj3g_w1z-fN7aXYvvn99ExYZk_ntSxh900p7V2hEUCvO_A3YfOosnTe7cR18GnTsyc2zMhqW5GXnWUQb582HgXpdvRZKNyBGMCX98UfWfG5sz314CBpS9YE4jJB4OE/s640/Lead_Income_NEWOrleans_630.gif" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Crime rates have gone down in most urban areas over the past
20 years or so. Politicians and police chiefs
(especially in Rudy Giuliani’s New York) attribute this to better policing,
stronger enforcement, fighting major crime through cracking down on minor crimes
via “broken windows” policies, and higher rates of arrest and incarceration. Some social scientists have attributed the
falling crime rates to the changing demographics – fewer young men in their 20’s
after the Baby Boom generation. Others
claim there is a connection between the economy and criminal activity – when
one improves, the other goes down, and vice versa. Or was it the crack epidemic in the 1970’s
that led to the increase in crime, and when that had run its course, crime
rates plunged? Or was it Roe v. Wade,
legalizing abortion in the 1970’s, and preventing the birth of unwanted
children that would have grown up to be criminals in the 1990’s (??!!). None of these theories is borne out by facts,
however. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
So what could be the cause, then, of this precipitous drop
in crime? Mark Kleiman, in his book “<i>When
Brute Force Fails: How to Have Less Crime and Less Punishment</i>,” says “<span lang="EN">Given the decrease in lead exposure
among children since the 1980s and the estimated effects of lead on crime,
reduced lead exposure could easily explain a very large proportion — certainly
more than half — <a href="http://www.amazon.com/When-Brute-Force-Fails-Punishment/dp/0691142084"></a>of
the crime decrease of the 1994-2004 period. A careful statistical study relating local
changes in lead exposure to local crime rates estimates the fraction of the
crime decline due to lead reduction as greater than 90%.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN">On the individual level, high childhood blood lead levels are consistently associated
with higher adult arrest rates for violent crime. </span>On
the aggregate, geographic levels, research going back to at least 2007 has
shown that there is a spatial linkage between areas with high lead levels and
high crime rates. And the statistics
were looked at for many cities in the U.S., large and small, as well as nine
other countries, and they all seem to follow the trend: when the lead was taken
out of gasoline, crime decreased about 20 years later. New York City, for instance, had strong childhood
lead-poisoning policies put in place in the 1970’s, just in time for the drop
in crime when the children born in that period were no longer being impacted by
lead in the environment. “Childhood
lead exposure can lead to psychological deficits that are strongly associated
with aggressive and criminal behavior. In
the late 1970s in the United States, lead was removed from gasoline under the
Clean Air Act. Using the sharp
state-specific reductions in lead exposure resulting from this removal, this
article finds that the reduction in childhood lead exposure in the late 1970s
and early 1980s is responsible for significant declines in violent crime in the
1990s, and may cause further declines into the future. The elasticity of
violent crime with respect to lead is estimated to be approximately 0.8.” from: “Environmental Policy as Social Policy? The Impact of
Childhood Lead Exposure on Crime,” by Jessica Wolpaw Reyes, National Bureau of
Economic Research, NBER Working Paper No. 13097, 2007 <a href="http://www.nber.org/papers/w13097.pdf?new_window=1">http://www.nber.org/papers/w13097.pdf?new_window=1</a>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<i>The Washington Post</i> notes that “The
United States has had two spikes of lead poisoning: one at the turn of the 20th
century, linked to lead in household paint, and one after World War II, when
the use of leaded gasoline increased sharply. Both times, the violent crime rate went up and
down in concert, with the violent crime peaks coming two decades after the lead
poisoning peaks. Other evidence has
accumulated in recent years that lead is a neurotoxin that causes impulsivity
and aggression, but these studies have also drawn little attention. In 2001, sociologist Paul B. Stretesky and
criminologist Michael Lynch showed that U.S. counties with high lead levels had
four times the murder rate of counties with low lead levels, after controlling
for multiple environmental and socioeconomic factors,” From <i>The
Washington Post</i>, 2007, “<i>Research Links Lead Exposure, Criminal
Activity: Data May Undermine Giuliani's Claims” </i><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/07/AR2007070701073_pf.html">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/07/AR2007070701073_pf.html</a>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpOUTMxwV4pda05b_xlsdpQmy5OzUG3k5WWvoVLk5nGbxCC5FMHdo-sRZZOIUg8lz1lqzVd8xidQHWVCzKJ2AOhi7pr4g-Cnag2FcITlLhwcJj3wocbFuI-zcjyyiEUNIsY4TJCl4nRgQ/s1600/1-s2_0-S0160412012000566-gr4.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpOUTMxwV4pda05b_xlsdpQmy5OzUG3k5WWvoVLk5nGbxCC5FMHdo-sRZZOIUg8lz1lqzVd8xidQHWVCzKJ2AOhi7pr4g-Cnag2FcITlLhwcJj3wocbFuI-zcjyyiEUNIsY4TJCl4nRgQ/s400/1-s2_0-S0160412012000566-gr4.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<o:p> </o:p><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<i>“A scatter-plot of the
relationship between air Pb and the latent 22 year aggravated assault rate in
New Orleans showing the best fit linear solution (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.853, p <
0.001).” </i><span style="color: #2e2e2e; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">from</span> “The urban rise and fall of air lead (Pb) and the latent surge and
retreat of societal violence” in <i>Environment
International</i>, 2012, by Mielke and Zahran at <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412012000566">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412012000566</a>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
I apologize that this figure is so small and hard to read,
but you can see the trend line clearly, and the correlation is unmistakable,
even without being able to read the axes! Taking into account lead emissions and
aggravated assault, the model developed in this study explains 90% of the
variation in the six US cities examined. <span style="color: #2e2e2e; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">“Prevention
of children's lead exposure from lead dust now will realize numerous societal
benefits two decades into the future, including lower rates of aggravated
assault,” (</span>Mielke and Zahran, 2012).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
Of
course, even though lead has been banished from gasoline in the US, we are not
out of the woods yet: “<span lang="EN">As it turns
out, tetraethyl lead is like a zombie that refuses to die. Our cars may be lead-free today, but they
spent more than 50 years spewing lead from their tailpipes, and all that lead
had to go somewhere. And it did: It
settled permanently into the soil that we walk on, grow our food in, and let
our kids play around….. Lead in soil doesn't <em>stay</em> in the soil. Every summer, like clockwork, as the weather
dries up, all that lead gets kicked back into the atmosphere in a process
called resuspension. The zombie lead is back to haunt us,” (Kevin Drum, <i>Mother Jones)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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The <i>Mother
Jones</i> article is really worth reading in its entirety (2 pages) at <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/01/lead-crime-link-gasoline">http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/01/lead-crime-link-gasoline</a>
and see the blog post "The Grime Behind the Crime," by Monbiot for more info on this interesting theory. <a href="http://www.monbiot.com/2013/01/07/the-grime-behind-the-crime/">http://www.monbiot.com/2013/01/07/the-grime-behind-the-crime/</a>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
Thanks, Shaky Sherpa, for sending me
the Mother Jones link, and Julia Radcliffe, over in Glasgow, for sending me the Monbiot
link. <br />
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><b><u>UPDATE</u></b>, 2/20/2013 </span><span lang="EN" style="color: #222222; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">“Lead Exposure on the Rise Despite Decline in Poisoning Cases: </span><span lang="EN" style="color: #222222; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Leaded gasoline and lead paint are gone, but other sources are keeping the danger high"</span></span><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"> </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #222222;"> I just saw this in the <em>Scientific American</em>. It seems as though we all still
have lead levels in our blood that are too high, even if people are not being
poisoned by lead as much anymore. Even though lead is not put in automobile
fuel anymore, and lead paint is not as much of an issue, after having been
phased out in the 1970's, there is still danger of lead exposure</span><span lang="EN" style="color: #222222;">. </span></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599; color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman CE';">And although some of the
people who commented on the article scoffed at the potential contribution of
ammunition to lead exposure, I remember back in the '90s when I worked at the DEP,
the big brouhaha that ensued over the clean-up of the NYPD firing range in
Pelham Bay Park and the extreme lead contamination that was present. All that
soil had to be removed and put somewhere. This problem is more prevalent and
wide-spread than you might think. (think Vieques, PR, and many other current
and former military installations, etc.) </span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #222222; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">“Lead Exposure on the Rise Despite Decline in Poisoning Cases: </span><span lang="EN" style="color: #222222; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Leaded gasoline and lead
paint are gone, but other sources are keeping the danger high” in the </span><i style="background-color: #ffe599;">Scientific American</i><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">, Feb. 17, 2013 </span></span><a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=lead-exposure-on-the-rise" style="background-color: #ffe599;">http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=lead-exposure-on-the-rise</a><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"> Excerpt: </span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">“Lead is still prevalent in our environment
for many reasons. Because lead does not degrade, heavy emissions from the past
accumulate in soil. Winds, especially during drought—like that afflicting the
Midwest for the past year or so—kick it up as dust, and runoff from heavy rains
and flooding can re-suspend the particles in the atmosphere. Trees take up soil
particles, too, but when forests burn in wildfires, as has been occurring more
frequently worldwide with </span><a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=global-warming-and-climate-change">global
warming</a><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"> in recent years, that lead is released back into the air. Fires
also release lead from old houses and buildings coated with lead paint that was
applied prior to the U.S. ban. Lead smelting and refining is still an enormous
industry worldwide, sending more of the metal into the environment. Aviation
gas used in planes still contains lead.</span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Lead is still </span><a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=poisoning-the-well-how-the-feds-let-energy-and-mining-companies-pollute-underground">present
in drinking water</a><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"> in many communities, where it can leach from lead pipes
in homes, apartment buildings and municipal </span><a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=water">water</a><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"> system,
or from brass fittings or solder used in plumbing. Another 25,000 to 30,000
tons of lead enters the U.S. environment each year from hunting and
shooting-range ammunition, fishing-line weights, discarded batteries and
electronic waste, said Mark Pokras at Tufts University. </span><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Coal-burning power </span><a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=plants">plants</a><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"> in
developed nations also generate some lead in emissions and </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Heavy_metals_and_coal">more so
in ash</a><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">, and the steep rise in coal power in China has boosted levels
worldwide because regulations are more lax.”</span></div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-75995465763965203312013-02-04T22:23:00.000-05:002013-02-06T10:08:01.074-05:00Sandy by the Numbers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh36MT6ww9SxwCgR392CDu5GvbdimoV2UK4k4Jb6mYBNzneURB753ultfFutBY8k_Q9b4Ix6HwLI6ysKiNtYyOAM6SWsCtB4X1r9rJhwx42SKnmqKF3LUWs5nXqiz9Y8RNgqz6P1qKzjJs/s1600/hurricane+Sandy+actual+flooding.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh36MT6ww9SxwCgR392CDu5GvbdimoV2UK4k4Jb6mYBNzneURB753ultfFutBY8k_Q9b4Ix6HwLI6ysKiNtYyOAM6SWsCtB4X1r9rJhwx42SKnmqKF3LUWs5nXqiz9Y8RNgqz6P1qKzjJs/s640/hurricane+Sandy+actual+flooding.jpg" width="532" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><i>Actual Flooding caused
by Superstorm Sandy</i></div>
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Our friends at the Center for Urban Research in New York have
done some spatial data analysis on the effects of October’s Superstorm Sandy. This was incorporated into WNYC’s article “Sandy
by the Numbers,” at <a href="http://www.wnyc.org/blogs/wnyc-news-blog/2013/jan/28/see-sandy-numbers/" title="http://www.wnyc.org/blogs/wnyc-news-blog/2013/jan/28/see-sandy-numbers/">http://www.wnyc.org/blogs/wnyc-news-blog/2013/jan/28/see-sandy-numbers/</a> which puts some provocative numbers to the effects of Sandy, including deaths by state and costs of storm damage. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Interestingly from an environmental justice viewpoint, in
NYC the people who were directly affected by Sandy (in terms of storm surge) were slightly less affluent than
the people not affected, whilst in New Jersey it was the reverse. But for each of the areas, the incomes of the
affected versus the unaffected were remarkably similar, and seem to represent neither
the richest nor the poorest residents. The
percentage of NJ vs NYC residents living in areas impacted by storm surge from
Sandy was also very close: 10.9% and 11.1% respectively, and the $ estimates
for disaster costs were also very close for the two areas. Now if only we can get those nimrod Congress people
to stop playing games with disaster relief and recovery support, we might be
able to get the affected people back to their pre-Sandy lives. (but please don’t rebuild on the barrier
islands anymore!)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXN0N_iULqG5ewmmVRmbV5_76orAxgpUq9Nq3bAtM3lJADg1VfFD2UT_vyx9T1D3b1yUmKBST4X6L60TmBD-eGT7BANbjfVztZORlCToSidMTA_aIkTYnpKGDgk5DIq6ZM3D5cd5PB_Vk/s1600/hurricane+flooding+prediction.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXN0N_iULqG5ewmmVRmbV5_76orAxgpUq9Nq3bAtM3lJADg1VfFD2UT_vyx9T1D3b1yUmKBST4X6L60TmBD-eGT7BANbjfVztZORlCToSidMTA_aIkTYnpKGDgk5DIq6ZM3D5cd5PB_Vk/s640/hurricane+flooding+prediction.jpg" width="532" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><i>Predicted Flooding
based on Hurricane Categories 1 through 4</i> - the darkest red represents the
predicted surge from a Category 1 hurricane, the weakest hurricane and the
most likely kind to hit NYC, through the lightest yellow, representing the predicted
surge from a Category 4 Hurricane, the strongest hurricane, and the highest
category storm likely to affect the north east.
Category 5 hurricanes are typically thought to be not likely to retain
their force in traveling up the eastern seaboard, and would be downgraded to a lower category before they ever would hit NYC, according to hurricane experts. But, hey, with climate change the way it’s been
going, you never know. Compare this map with the map above of the actual storm surge, and notice that, in terms of storm surge at least, the storm surge was the equivalent of that of a Cat. 4 Hurricane, in most areas. </div>
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Thanks for sending,
Kristen, and thanks also for working on the project and analyzing and compiling
the data. <o:p></o:p><br />
And check out my older post on Best Visualizations of Sandy at <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/10/best-visualizations-of-hurricane-sandy.html" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/10/best-visualizations-of-hurricane-sandy.html</a><br />
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-6524439672514403762013-02-02T14:56:00.000-05:002013-02-02T18:39:56.005-05:00Some Amusing Maps<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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This is a random selection of some recent amusing or otherwise interesting maps that I
have discovered or that other people have sent to me. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj-6WBhdCa-3QMD2ougGSXCU7QvNhGAsCFljaslvwOUO0LFW79d0wTJXBC9bpcfGNjykliHdtYM_hAfbDOa2eISmHWnQE3EmoI5KjgxlGTy3ZGamUNamtbp51Tim1i3MF_6il9m2orBI0/s1600/booze+deserts.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj-6WBhdCa-3QMD2ougGSXCU7QvNhGAsCFljaslvwOUO0LFW79d0wTJXBC9bpcfGNjykliHdtYM_hAfbDOa2eISmHWnQE3EmoI5KjgxlGTy3ZGamUNamtbp51Tim1i3MF_6il9m2orBI0/s640/booze+deserts.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i><u>Booze Deserts</u></i></b></div>
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You’ve heard of "food deserts," the areas where people live
but don’t have good geographic access to healthy food options? Well, here are the booze deserts. Someone in Richmond VA mapped out the areas
in the city which are more than 1,500 feet to the nearest place to booze
up (about 4-6 city blocks). There aren’t too many places,
apparently, where you have to walk very far to get plastered. Some people actually have to walk more than 5 minutes to get a drink! WAAAAH. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi03kj-TYrqbgSkLfQe7HcYlJgeMtnDZe8nYKPYZlLY2c5oP89SlLhEdMxvbrUM1pv2NPMo4Tvd7-bMRRzCNxidt8e1c698iYM9_LH4Z2hIYxiRYT1TQO9Lvmosyr6Rb9BKjdIe-oHgj80/s1600/texasgunowners.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="638" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi03kj-TYrqbgSkLfQe7HcYlJgeMtnDZe8nYKPYZlLY2c5oP89SlLhEdMxvbrUM1pv2NPMo4Tvd7-bMRRzCNxidt8e1c698iYM9_LH4Z2hIYxiRYT1TQO9Lvmosyr6Rb9BKjdIe-oHgj80/s640/texasgunowners.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><b><i><u>Gun ownership in Texas</u></i></b> </div>
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“Houston Chronicle reveals location of Texas gun owners,” the BEST
DOT DENSITY MAP EVER!<span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span>This is a take-off
on the contentious and even life-threatening maps that were published in a New
York newspaper earlier this month, showing the locations of all the addresses of
people to whom gun permits were issued in a couple of NYC suburbian counties. Some people took extreme exception to this
(even though it is public information) and death threats were invoked and general mayhem ensued against the newspaper and the reporter. Interestingly, I ALMOST posted the maps on
this blog. In which case, I may also
have come under fire, literally. Guess
that’ll teach me to mess with those 2<sup>nd</sup> amendment-ers! Sent to me by Andrew Maroko <a href="http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/files/2013/01/texasgunowners.jpg" title="http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/files/2013/01/texasgunowners.jpg">http://blog.chron.com/txpotomac/files/2013/01/texasgunowners.jpg</a> Story
about gun permit map retraction, and check out some of the crazy comments! <a href="http://politicker.com/2013/01/journal-news-takes-down-controversial-map-of-gun-owners/">http://politicker.com/2013/01/journal-news-takes-down-controversial-map-of-gun-owners/</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_GGnh6u7cEl4PgtRAXjn8gWJ2wG-3I73ou5Tu3u2GLhyphenhyphenbiNx_uA2yWupkSmozCetWG10u58IXjvKhsOEzY7Q9FjNWcP6-wACKDgEaU_MdJqS2Yona_5JKYDwAWXikvc1PFcnaGVMDdRI/s1600/dog+breeds+NYC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_GGnh6u7cEl4PgtRAXjn8gWJ2wG-3I73ou5Tu3u2GLhyphenhyphenbiNx_uA2yWupkSmozCetWG10u58IXjvKhsOEzY7Q9FjNWcP6-wACKDgEaU_MdJqS2Yona_5JKYDwAWXikvc1PFcnaGVMDdRI/s640/dog+breeds+NYC.jpg" width="402" /></a></div>
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<b><i><u>Dog Map<o:p></o:p></u></i></b></div>
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From Andrew Maroko by way of Suzie Stempel – New Yorkers are
dog crazy! Explore New York City's most popular dog
names and breeds by area, down to the zip code. Label size roughly corresponds with number of
dogs with name or breed in that area.
Data source is the New York City Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene. Those are the guys who issue dog licenses, so
they have records of names and breeds. Of course, roughly half of NYC’s dogs
are not licensed…..</div>
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<a href="http://www.timeout.com/newyork/things-to-do/check-this-out-wnyc-is-mapping-nycs-dogs" title="http://www.timeout.com/newyork/things-to-do/check-this-out-wnyc-is-mapping-nycs-dogs">http://www.timeout.com/newyork/things-to-do/check-this-out-wnyc-is-mapping-nycs-dogs</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2BS24TahTwDa5KqlwX9w_pEvDUJMJkidYFcpYZMKxVwv0PaiSXvLPKU8NlARhiHK-6G76VpdaKbQXjGvuXxT4_o0ql7Kf_rm6Ho8qh_FlXqme4dutJ0j2p-3pwR6r8Z8RBE2oHE3jeXI/s1600/mapping+the+economy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2BS24TahTwDa5KqlwX9w_pEvDUJMJkidYFcpYZMKxVwv0PaiSXvLPKU8NlARhiHK-6G76VpdaKbQXjGvuXxT4_o0ql7Kf_rm6Ho8qh_FlXqme4dutJ0j2p-3pwR6r8Z8RBE2oHE3jeXI/s640/mapping+the+economy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><b><i><u>Mapping the Economy</u></i></b></div>
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From one of my favorite cartoonists, Grant Snider, who often
uses maps and map imagery in his work. <a href="http://www.incidentalcomics.com/">http://www.incidentalcomics.com/</a> Check out some of his other great
cartoons. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDLXXhjIebNYzNaiE3lj79ZYbepfguUjsCZvtL8nJgsvDGHuiMq4tRDoQtBtlkd-qSgUVVGAhwvn1L3o-5_MjsJ0_rNUhSU8aVqDOqZ5Ss9aSGw9HEbZVCB9JkgCO6e6HcNw9sjajXjxQ/s1600/BK_Whitman.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDLXXhjIebNYzNaiE3lj79ZYbepfguUjsCZvtL8nJgsvDGHuiMq4tRDoQtBtlkd-qSgUVVGAhwvn1L3o-5_MjsJ0_rNUhSU8aVqDOqZ5Ss9aSGw9HEbZVCB9JkgCO6e6HcNw9sjajXjxQ/s640/BK_Whitman.png" width="487" /></a></div>
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<b><i><u>Typographic map of Brooklyn</u></i></b> And this one is not so much
amusing as it is clever and beautiful…(Walt Whitman poem “Crossing Brooklyn
Ferry”) by our resident cartographer extraordinaire, Gretchen Culp, herself a resident
of Brooklyn. Sorry, I couldn't make it large enough to actually read the words, but the poem starts from north Brooklyn – Greenpoint-Williamsburg
– like this: “Flood-tide below me! I see you face to face! Clouds of the
west-sun half an hour high-I see you also face to face. Crowds of men and women
attired in the usual costumes, how curious you are to me! On the ferry-boats the hundreds and hundreds
that cross, returning home, are more curious to me than you suppose. And you that shall cross from shore to shore
years hence are more to me, and more in my meditations, than you might suppose….” Great poem.
I once saw a performance piece of this poem in the anchorage of the
Brooklyn Bridge (on the Brooklyn side) put on by a group called Creative Time. An ironic location, since the Bridge more or less made the ferries superfluous. See <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/05/motw-5-7-2012foods-of-british-isles.html" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/05/motw-5-7-2012foods-of-british-isles.html</a> for more about typographic maps. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTbKQk4oXsnRtTbUdDzA4K8MTfDdAWFQZK2f602zHVHIzmQovtZOhwKARn5zq8GFeWl-elOlv7TQ-FXO-8CzBVfcTLfq68_nPLC7OF5ec-AyPwUVheJVjAY_b0U0E3t18PVzXG86orkQQ/s1600/Soundsystemmap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTbKQk4oXsnRtTbUdDzA4K8MTfDdAWFQZK2f602zHVHIzmQovtZOhwKARn5zq8GFeWl-elOlv7TQ-FXO-8CzBVfcTLfq68_nPLC7OF5ec-AyPwUVheJVjAY_b0U0E3t18PVzXG86orkQQ/s1600/Soundsystemmap.jpg" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><b><i><u>UK Sound Systems</u></i></b></div>
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I personally can attest to the excellence of many of these sound
systems (Jah Shaka, Sir Coxsone, Iration Steppas, Mungo’s Hi-Fi, Mikey Dread),
although they left out some of the really good ones in Scotland, like Argonaut
Sounds and Bass Warrior, who play regularly at Blackfriar’s in my
neighborhood, and Chungo Bungo. The
Word, Sound, and Power poster, compiled by Paul Bradshaw, is available for £10.00 from Word, Sound,
and Power – Reggae Changed my Life at <a href="http://ancienttofuture.wordpress.com/2012/12/19/word-sound-power-reggae-changed-my-life-posters-postcards/">http://ancienttofuture.wordpress.com/2012/12/19/word-sound-power-reggae-changed-my-life-posters-postcards/</a> The poster, along with some other cool graphics, was created
for the exhibit of the same name at the British Music Experience Museum in
London, from July through October 2012. (Damn! Missed it!)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic8-W9P4BglaW3Z0X3NFeR7q8UaBSeu5g_pKymp623nsbenbpz3o0hbnfN0aA7L6KbzSYtoESZFGLuMROk6Bsn9SnRkrTzndSxZpchQhQkN8i1akw-ke-g3XYRkjzeUuqZwdqdLcgACQI/s1600/beach+boys+american+females+classification.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="580" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic8-W9P4BglaW3Z0X3NFeR7q8UaBSeu5g_pKymp623nsbenbpz3o0hbnfN0aA7L6KbzSYtoESZFGLuMROk6Bsn9SnRkrTzndSxZpchQhQkN8i1akw-ke-g3XYRkjzeUuqZwdqdLcgACQI/s640/beach+boys+american+females+classification.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i><u>Beach Boys <o:p></o:p></u></i></b></div>
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This requires no explanation. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkfwgdvPwjsMyX1AL7FlImcnWNw4t5C89x_k_s85UJNY2xS5z8BXfd-06ArrO7wxpWsNObMBitio9MMz92kbdW-qhzB4GQSnpbTLgduXH1ARMYxLvHta3uTC84X3JT1-bW4sYo4bJ5qUI/s1600/rock+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkfwgdvPwjsMyX1AL7FlImcnWNw4t5C89x_k_s85UJNY2xS5z8BXfd-06ArrO7wxpWsNObMBitio9MMz92kbdW-qhzB4GQSnpbTLgduXH1ARMYxLvHta3uTC84X3JT1-bW4sYo4bJ5qUI/s640/rock+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><b><i><u>Rock Map</u></i></b></div>
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This is more of a genealogical table than a map, but it
shows the derivation/evolution of some of the rock bands of the past – pretty much
a guide to boomer’s music, with a hat tip to some early punk bands (Ramones, Clash, Buzzcocks, etc.). </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDI4iAjoEOYDmsnCoTnZGNBk77f0LOgqga_Osg6m1a3BBdyO-HwgTX6fccu2b8t8u32EgL_6BU5N0qeEhqUrCP4HQBEx9JcClO50O5uFXejzXIXEkcmHjZjq8sa0Rn-o4vcE0jxhq47fk/s1600/road+map+of+song+titles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDI4iAjoEOYDmsnCoTnZGNBk77f0LOgqga_Osg6m1a3BBdyO-HwgTX6fccu2b8t8u32EgL_6BU5N0qeEhqUrCP4HQBEx9JcClO50O5uFXejzXIXEkcmHjZjq8sa0Rn-o4vcE0jxhq47fk/s640/road+map+of+song+titles.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><b><i><u>Road Map of Song Titles</u></i></b></div>
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The 59<sup>th</sup> Street Bridge runs alongside of Ichycoo
Park </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCPkEb5kFGZ0qjca9rfzlxCHBldooLTVHYQCxnW9tPBYyWWd0e6yK6iHLFldmrjsH7Epzbzvs8ZdwAmyPz6qAazUROHMucQCBCMm9nuayxt7iv7pw2QMvQ75dLHemAOSrdmNT5vqON5KQ/s1600/James_bond_world_locations_films.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCPkEb5kFGZ0qjca9rfzlxCHBldooLTVHYQCxnW9tPBYyWWd0e6yK6iHLFldmrjsH7Epzbzvs8ZdwAmyPz6qAazUROHMucQCBCMm9nuayxt7iv7pw2QMvQ75dLHemAOSrdmNT5vqON5KQ/s640/James_bond_world_locations_films.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><b><i><u>James Bond Movies Locations</u></i></b></div>
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Where they were set, and where they were actually filmed
(only occasionally the same thing!) Cool legend. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW9hpkHE5nQNam5SIvPuz_sV3erQ1Z13UFS5XH8sI9ZFs_x20stntlE_yh1VuRr1Ce0_P5d7PWIPRF2xLJa2INTuUtYPN6EbC9oXYHFcIj-XJxzx7YoKL9ZwA7__DgJE2nWXcwNmIYjTY/s1600/Pig-map+nicknames+of+the+states.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW9hpkHE5nQNam5SIvPuz_sV3erQ1Z13UFS5XH8sI9ZFs_x20stntlE_yh1VuRr1Ce0_P5d7PWIPRF2xLJa2INTuUtYPN6EbC9oXYHFcIj-XJxzx7YoKL9ZwA7__DgJE2nWXcwNmIYjTY/s640/Pig-map+nicknames+of+the+states.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><b><i><u>U.S. State Nicknames</u></i></b></div>
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1884 Pig Map of U.S. states’ nicknames. The map was produced by Hill & Co., Manufacturers
of Hill’s Hog Ringers, Hill’s Triangular Rings, Calf and Cow Weaners, and Stock
Markers, etc. I have NO IDEA what any of those things are. They sound diabolical, and I am guessing they were some kind of instruments of torture in raising hogs for slaughter. This map is strange on every level. The projection is weird – the western states
are all squished up, and some of the eastern states don’t look like the correct
shapes at all. Then, although some of
the nicknames are archaic, they are ones you may have heard of, such as
Knickerbockers for New Yorkers, and Tar Heel for North Carolina, but many of
the nicknames (Puke? Sucker? Greaser?) I’ve never heard of used to refer to
those states, and many sound downright insulting and inflammatory. But you could get a copy of this map if you
mailed in 5 one-cent stamps, according to the info in one of the map cartouches. See <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/03/map-of-week-3-12-2012the-world.html" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/03/map-of-week-3-12-2012the-world.html</a> for more examples of stereotyping maps, although this one may be the earliest one I've found, other than the zoomorphic ones, some of which also qualify as stereotyping maps. <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/anthropomorphic-and-zoomorphic_16.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/anthropomorphic-and-zoomorphic_16.html</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-A5qFQmpeWd2AAKLpIQgf1ATEv4cWehTJ4X86QAVwAwB4ndt84NeTvG5jWuOrodS7te9yqHMds9x3PB1ZHQvBR3RkC2NzogGnifP0VqZ_92HrEPB_Rk3Svf-2eGipJdYNVvgas6YacdA/s1600/mainland+USA+according+to+common+sense.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-A5qFQmpeWd2AAKLpIQgf1ATEv4cWehTJ4X86QAVwAwB4ndt84NeTvG5jWuOrodS7te9yqHMds9x3PB1ZHQvBR3RkC2NzogGnifP0VqZ_92HrEPB_Rk3Svf-2eGipJdYNVvgas6YacdA/s640/mainland+USA+according+to+common+sense.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p><b><i><u>The Mainland United States of America</u></i><u> <i>According to Common Sense,</i></u></b> the updated
version of the Pig Map, from our old friend alphadesigner, showing pretty much
the same types of stereotypical name-calling as the Pig Map. In this case, North Carolina is Cancer Factory,
Texas is Armed and God-Fearing, etc. One
of the only constants is that in both maps, Iowa is denoted as Hawkeye and Hawks,
respectively. I guess Hawkeye in the
famous movie and TV series M.A.S.H. was from Iowa? No, pretty sure he was supposed to be from
Maine, named after the character in <i>The Last
of the Mohicans</i>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMJZkqIOEKj3Ay6Ox5_-GdDGPmCBbvzEySq6QWYNUiLQKbne2__NRfDxPZV9HWB1HfxB3ZCAlWmbjfCOXP2lzo1yMWs4GjWQ6z20Cpr5NRL5_fl4yTS0cnT48XCoSE5tjpE0aYEkT6_D0/s1600/NE+Demonym+Legend.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMJZkqIOEKj3Ay6Ox5_-GdDGPmCBbvzEySq6QWYNUiLQKbne2__NRfDxPZV9HWB1HfxB3ZCAlWmbjfCOXP2lzo1yMWs4GjWQ6z20Cpr5NRL5_fl4yTS0cnT48XCoSE5tjpE0aYEkT6_D0/s1600/NE+Demonym+Legend.jpg" /></a></div>
<b><i><u>North East Demonym</u></i></b> - A demonym is like a toponym, but it's a place name that demonizes, I guess! No, of course not: a demonym is the name for the people who live in the location, from the Greek "demos" or people, the same root as demography. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDfXwtLxZsg7kyQw7nLgd3gvQq4O93P_WCi4qpvpBZsK6NdidvWwckcUBkazdZwXGWPwpHwquTcHDdayIJVHaTMSJadmgUcbzyR0PLOwkS2wTxVles6rzpFS1h0mVvXu4ipaBTpttIs5o/s1600/baseball+borders.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDfXwtLxZsg7kyQw7nLgd3gvQq4O93P_WCi4qpvpBZsK6NdidvWwckcUBkazdZwXGWPwpHwquTcHDdayIJVHaTMSJadmgUcbzyR0PLOwkS2wTxVles6rzpFS1h0mVvXu4ipaBTpttIs5o/s1600/baseball+borders.jpg" /></a></div>
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<o:p><b><i><u> International Homers</u></i></b> - for Baseball fans everywhere, from the website Flip Flop Fly Ball, with lots of cool baseball-themed infographics, Check out the animated map showing the changing of the baseball divisions from 1969-Present. </o:p> <a href="http://flipflopflyin.com/flipflopflyball/info-joydivisions.html" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://flipflopflyin.com/flipflopflyball/info-joydivisions.html</a> </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfZnakp0xPOjPoKBzN1Zl3OUQPSC77GId4FjDgThJZCrLdLUk4fJdMgmyQfAY0TKTapYab4JnMk3yGD4xEzCpBQMds7u9lTKctOA3iucwkJaLQXaLXMuA-XNmtaq51c5HI-HGi04oL-O8/s1600/living+map+of+Europe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfZnakp0xPOjPoKBzN1Zl3OUQPSC77GId4FjDgThJZCrLdLUk4fJdMgmyQfAY0TKTapYab4JnMk3yGD4xEzCpBQMds7u9lTKctOA3iucwkJaLQXaLXMuA-XNmtaq51c5HI-HGi04oL-O8/s640/living+map+of+Europe.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i><u>Living Map of Europe - </u></i></b>This is just verra purty.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBVlgvoxnQN6UmIYKuOC_cRSrg6BTLoTk8xpcrh48IXfWTnC-seL2OolEBbO7e6cZEzxo00ppQ8XJPxOWYIv7lVhZ6j66A-DMC3oPh2ZUXrTrrIWb0S69_vq_GWQ4Jsuy6iZ2w39S2As8/s1600/penis+size+europe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBVlgvoxnQN6UmIYKuOC_cRSrg6BTLoTk8xpcrh48IXfWTnC-seL2OolEBbO7e6cZEzxo00ppQ8XJPxOWYIv7lVhZ6j66A-DMC3oPh2ZUXrTrrIWb0S69_vq_GWQ4Jsuy6iZ2w39S2As8/s640/penis+size+europe.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><i><u>Penis Size Across Europe</u></i></b></div>
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Now, this is just wrong! Alphadesigner, I am shocked! SHOCKED! </div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-14365500040600239042013-01-21T11:28:00.002-05:002013-01-21T11:40:04.648-05:00One man, one dot<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIuqHp_MlCm30GZk5XqNJRh1kKOtJEx0ytrTyFWmSzK8aoGxfKwQSRo3MgmpuB2bwFmuoRaV3iJOLsdJ_PnXV1z0-mNIIash1tqRa1RisOwdPpxHFEm7u3xVz8oxvdgX5FRHWrwlCF_YU/s1600/dot+density+one+dot.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="124" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIuqHp_MlCm30GZk5XqNJRh1kKOtJEx0ytrTyFWmSzK8aoGxfKwQSRo3MgmpuB2bwFmuoRaV3iJOLsdJ_PnXV1z0-mNIIash1tqRa1RisOwdPpxHFEm7u3xVz8oxvdgX5FRHWrwlCF_YU/s640/dot+density+one+dot.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Detail - Dot Density Map of U.S. and Canada showing one dot = one person.</i></div>
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OK this is taking dot density
mapping to another level altogether! Brandon
Martin-Anderson, who does something called “Computational Urban Planning” at
the MIT Media Lab, created a dot density map, but it’s not your normal dot density
map, where 1 dot equals 1,000 people or what-have-you. His map has one dot for each and every person
in Canada and the United States. That’s
right - over 340 MILLION dots on one map (plus location labels!) How did he do it? Well, as the students in the Programming for
GISc class last term will appreciate, it was done with Python scripts and a lot
of fancy footwork. You have to zoom in
really, really far to see how the individual dots look (they look like very
very very very small dots). If you look
at the map displaying the entire landmass, you see population centers more like
smudges rather than dots. </div>
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Why did he do it? You might well ask. Here’s what he says on the website: “I wanted
an image of human settlement patterns unmediated by proxies like city
boundaries, arterial roads, state lines, etc.
Also, it was an interesting challenge.”
Well, that last bit is undoubtedly true (the challenge part) but the map
IS mediated by proxies, it’s just that the proxy is very small (the census
block, the smallest geographic unit whereby the Census Bureau aggregates
individual data. There are generally from
0 - 600 people in a census block. Yes,
some census blocks have zero population.
In Wyoming, for instance, 64% of the census blocks have no population. The minimum size of a census block is 0.69
acre. There is no maximum size. </div>
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The main thing in his map that is
unmediated is the one person, one dot concept. Each dot on his map is not a proxy for multiple people. And since in many parts of the continent the census
block is such a small area, randomly assigning the dots within the block is
reasonably accurate depiction of where people live. This breaks down a little bit in the less
populated parts of the U.S., where the census block covers a much larger
territory, since the geographic size of the block varies from place to place,
but the population size within the blocks stays fairly constant. (For a nice history of the evolution of U.S. census
enumeration districts, see <a href="http://www.census.gov/geo/www/GARM/Ch11GARM.pdf">http://www.census.gov/geo/www/GARM/Ch11GARM.pdf</a>
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In any event, the dot map, while
looking not too much different at first glance from the traditional dot density
maps using 1 dot = many, is actually quite unique. For hard-core Python-ists, he gives the codes
as well as all the raw data he used. I
have to admit, I was a bit lost here.
Don’t even know what a “quadkey” is although he states it is a kind of
cheapo spatial index (used to sort the dots so you can generate the tiles?) </div>
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See the interactive map at:
<a href="http://bmander.com/dotmap/index.html" target="_blank" title="http://bmander.com/dotmap/index.html">http://bmander.com/dotmap/index.html</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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Read how he put it all together at: <a href="http://bmander.com/dotmap/methods.html">http://bmander.com/dotmap/methods.html</a>
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And, according to one of Brandon’s Tweets, “Barack Obama and the
First Family are the five dots in the center of this map:” <a href="http://bmander.com/dotmap/index.html#lat=38.896602&lon=-77.036613&z=14">http://bmander.com/dotmap/index.html#lat=38.896602&lon=-77.036613&z=14</a>
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Some other cool dot density maps in the blogosphere recently:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT29YGem6vtRMZs23eM4muTDBF7O0e4_L2BeFmj78tkBeCoC6awtI7zwdXdw4fz6efh9JWUopOgTVGoT49wQthRQBU_NQjZ7VDywTB7RdCaRfwIWQLVlIgcFhcNt7ahCE0cVMM2wbEUCo/s1600/dot+density+seattle+commuters.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT29YGem6vtRMZs23eM4muTDBF7O0e4_L2BeFmj78tkBeCoC6awtI7zwdXdw4fz6efh9JWUopOgTVGoT49wQthRQBU_NQjZ7VDywTB7RdCaRfwIWQLVlIgcFhcNt7ahCE0cVMM2wbEUCo/s640/dot+density+seattle+commuters.jpg" width="574" /></a></div>
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<o:p><i>Each dot represents one commuter and how they travel. </i></o:p></div>
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Commuter maps of Seattle: <a href="http://uxblog.idvsolutions.com/2013/01/people-dots-seattle-area-commuting.html">http://uxblog.idvsolutions.com/2013/01/people-dots-seattle-area-commuting.html</a>
Really nice cartographic techniques, beautiful looking maps, check out the
legend on the “Seattle Commute Times in Minutes” map. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcES8gf6C2EAKUnpp_vlGUoblhj_rLvsSPUF6BatKzbQi9SdAX0rSOh_wFeIXA8HS-b0CbuhpIgy_kdx03UQXXMOAkN1OTAb4Hm9z1Nj23qI2D40rGAgqz4RiYrpNY4LMhxUubxT5g3C0/s1600/dot+density+average+commute+times+Seattle_legend.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcES8gf6C2EAKUnpp_vlGUoblhj_rLvsSPUF6BatKzbQi9SdAX0rSOh_wFeIXA8HS-b0CbuhpIgy_kdx03UQXXMOAkN1OTAb4Hm9z1Nj23qI2D40rGAgqz4RiYrpNY4LMhxUubxT5g3C0/s640/dot+density+average+commute+times+Seattle_legend.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Thanks, Natalia, for sending me the original link to the
ultimate dot density map of all times! <br />
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Also, see the following posts about ways of mapping density:</div>
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<a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/12/map-of-week-12-12-2011us-population.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/12/map-of-week-12-12-2011us-population.html</a></div>
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-50183103716830911442012-11-10T05:00:00.000-05:002012-11-10T05:00:06.987-05:00Anime Maps<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB7PcmbXNQoUJ8yhY8m2l0KLKe46UYu-vewaRA5OsngktVakdcpeb_t9KHkHIixuio-Ii-6BUTC8KlSMuXOStGWwghAjrXkW1rx3atWMG4bnCe51QyJOPmulNHW8joIbG5Ga5TYaLB9yE/s1600/hurricane+anime.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB7PcmbXNQoUJ8yhY8m2l0KLKe46UYu-vewaRA5OsngktVakdcpeb_t9KHkHIixuio-Ii-6BUTC8KlSMuXOStGWwghAjrXkW1rx3atWMG4bnCe51QyJOPmulNHW8joIbG5Ga5TYaLB9yE/s640/hurricane+anime.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<i>A Satellite Image of Hurricane (Sandy? no, not Sandy) turned into an anime character. </i><br />
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Following upon my blog postings about Anthropomorphic and Zoomorphic maps, there is apparently a new trend in creating maps of countries (and other geographic features) that resemble anime characters. I discovered this because all of a sudden my blog posting (#2) about the topic of anthropomorphic maps received like about 5,000 hits in one days, and I looked back to see where they were all coming from. It was this Japanese site that had referenced my post in discussing the map of the US that looked like an eagle. My previous posts on the topic:<br />
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: italic; line-height: 20px;"> </b><span style="color: #cd44ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman CE'; font-size: x-small; line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/anthropomorphic-and-zoomorphic.html" style="color: #cd44ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, FreeSerif, serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none;">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/anthropomorphic-and-zoomorphic.html</a></span></span><br />
<a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/anthropomorphic-and-zoomorphic_16.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/anthropomorphic-and-zoomorphic_16.html</a><br />
<a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/anthropomorphic-and-zoomorphic_17.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2011/06/anthropomorphic-and-zoomorphic_17.html</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk2MIhYE3XExUcwe-7iFqTXg6TQSqn-FyseST3HK3WuUoANmdg3_IxsTfn4Baw-iLM9L3grkshwQEh876Zu7K8drJaG3e5YXy_hOMWjRXnI5qws0J_XTViyilOFVIa3hAdtWQiFhQqzOI/s1600/original_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk2MIhYE3XExUcwe-7iFqTXg6TQSqn-FyseST3HK3WuUoANmdg3_IxsTfn4Baw-iLM9L3grkshwQEh876Zu7K8drJaG3e5YXy_hOMWjRXnI5qws0J_XTViyilOFVIa3hAdtWQiFhQqzOI/s400/original_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
This is the new(ish) one that sparked the storm: the map of the UK turned into a Victorian girl. They clearly didn't know what to do with Northern Ireland! See <a href="http://kotaku.com/5959112/how-japan-turned-the-united-kingdom-into-a-cute-anime-girl">http://kotaku.com/5959112/how-japan-turned-the-united-kingdom-into-a-cute-anime-girl</a> for the full evolution of the image from map to girl. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizffGDadJ4TynqhpLrHz6m7EPJ5ms5qTuoCECYbCL0z-E7qHT-1JH7tQwSsu2mStu1IDlQo2YxmrwEKy-nC_1NedGLNULV4CxLk34sBZ601RdkfGODwxrDWMPQBLA2E9mxlWI6Ycv7twM/s1600/original_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizffGDadJ4TynqhpLrHz6m7EPJ5ms5qTuoCECYbCL0z-E7qHT-1JH7tQwSsu2mStu1IDlQo2YxmrwEKy-nC_1NedGLNULV4CxLk34sBZ601RdkfGODwxrDWMPQBLA2E9mxlWI6Ycv7twM/s400/original_2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKOXFr3QvXxUp8J51zQHGb8naf2mQnssAO8OhMhO0hXh_R8Q47aVkPvw1TFr6hYOMV9Pj9qN2SGZyXmtazpTuEOQQbJ3SvcZLyCyRzXgvEea5P7POBvgVG_hUt1VQAaDNRVkDoSLLxTII/s1600/original_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKOXFr3QvXxUp8J51zQHGb8naf2mQnssAO8OhMhO0hXh_R8Q47aVkPvw1TFr6hYOMV9Pj9qN2SGZyXmtazpTuEOQQbJ3SvcZLyCyRzXgvEea5P7POBvgVG_hUt1VQAaDNRVkDoSLLxTII/s400/original_3.jpg" width="351" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUUiEkIz_vHaGVk9I6WmkJJ9ufxOadekKcg58tbHWOmxK24WR8TKMucX7KwHGySjNFulwkVar8cTQgOf9TNyZYpwDwaFI2B8rxJm5N0qIs60rCuafGEnp4ktzBUstHn2sRQm0F3tzf1Ss/s1600/UK+girl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUUiEkIz_vHaGVk9I6WmkJJ9ufxOadekKcg58tbHWOmxK24WR8TKMucX7KwHGySjNFulwkVar8cTQgOf9TNyZYpwDwaFI2B8rxJm5N0qIs60rCuafGEnp4ktzBUstHn2sRQm0F3tzf1Ss/s400/UK+girl.jpg" width="293" /></a></div>
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I actually think I like this one even better.<br />
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See also original Japanese site for some additional very clever transformations of countries into people: <a href="http://blog.livedoor.jp/janews/archives/6088491.html">http://blog.livedoor.jp/janews/archives/6088491.html</a><br />
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-92151440087041830402012-11-09T14:23:00.000-05:002012-11-09T18:52:56.291-05:00The African Presence in Europe<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpbi8osogpbHCRFJw5OpIAm8iWfEeIn4_V4X9pO_82QmF9zMts1YhlQNbPR700mDiroT5UXZTTL_AlMiQoIX6akviB_ftEyC_P4e-ugXMPpeVyOZJjAq4eLRexd7HusqLECLwAx8ngMeg/s1600/Three+Mulattoes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpbi8osogpbHCRFJw5OpIAm8iWfEeIn4_V4X9pO_82QmF9zMts1YhlQNbPR700mDiroT5UXZTTL_AlMiQoIX6akviB_ftEyC_P4e-ugXMPpeVyOZJjAq4eLRexd7HusqLECLwAx8ngMeg/s640/Three+Mulattoes.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">“The Three Mulattoes
of Esmereldas” (1599), by Andrés Sánchez Gallque, depicts a father and his two
sons, descendants of African plantation slaves and New World natives, who were
leaders of an Afro-Indian community. This is </span></i><i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">one of the works in “Revealing the African Presence in
Renaissance Europe," at the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore. (From: </span></i><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Museo
Nacional del Prado, Madrid)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">This exhibit “African Presence in Renaissance Europe”
appears to be a very interesting visual depiction of 15<sup>th</sup> and 16<sup>th</sup>
century European perceptions on race and “otherness,” in a time before plantation
slavery in the New World forever altered Western views of race and white
superiority. New Yorkers – you are only
2 ½ hours from Baltimore by Amtrak train, so if you are looking for something
to do over the Thanksgiving break, this might be just the ticket! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">I am copying below the article (a review of the exhibit) from
<i>The New York Times</i> in its
entirety. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 18pt;">A Spectrum From Slaves to Saints<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">‘African Presence in Renaissance
Europe,’ at Walters Museum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt;">By <a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/holland_cotter/index.html" title="More Articles by HOLLAND COTTER"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">HOLLAND COTTER</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 7.5pt;">Published:
November 8, 2012 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">BALTIMORE
— In a fall art season distinguished, so far, largely by a bland, no-brainer
diet served up by Manhattan’s major museums, you have to hit the road for
grittier fare. And the Walters Art Museum here is not too far to go to find it
in a high-fiber, convention-rattling show with the unglamorous title of “<a href="http://thewalters.org/exhibitions/african-presence/" title="exhibition Web site"><u>Revealing the African Presence in Renaissance
Europe</u></a>.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Visually the exhibition is a gift, with marvelous things
by artists familiar and revered — Dürer, Rubens, Veronese — along with images
most of us never knew existed. Together they map a history of art, politics and
race that scholars have begun to pay attention to — notably through “The Image
of the Black in Western Art,” a multivolume book project edited by David
Bindman and Henry Louis Gates Jr. — but that few museums have addressed in
full-dress style. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Like the best scholarship, the Walters show, organized by
Joaneath Spicer, the museum’s curator of Renaissance and Baroque art, is as
much about questions as answers, and makes no bones about that. Many wall
labels begin with an interrogative, suggesting that a museum visitor’s reading
of a particular image carries as much weight as the curator’s. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">And, like most ambitious but risky undertakings, it has
flaws. There is evidence of budget limitations. Although no corners were cut in
getting crucial European loans, the catalog — a good one — has come in a third
smaller in size than planned and with signs of changes-at-the-last-minute
production. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">The presence of a chatty “resource center” midway through
the show, with gamelike audience-participation activities on offer, will rile
museum purists. (I have no problem with it.) And, in a show that tackles the
issue of race head-on, the line between an objective view of the past taken on
its own terms and interpretation of it in light of the present can sometimes
feel precariously drawn. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">But in the end none of this matters. The show is so
interesting to look at and so fresh with historical news as to override
reservations. It does what few museum shows ever do: It takes a prized piece of
art history, one polished to a glow by generations of attention, and turns it
in an unexpected direction, so it catches the searching, scouring rays of new
investigative light. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Europe’s ties to Africa were ancient but sporadic.
Particularly strong bonds were forged during the heyday of the Roman Empire.
And in the 15th and 16th centuries, the period covered by the Walters show,
they were renewed. True, as early the eighth century a pocket of
intercontinental culture had sprung up in Muslim-occupied southern Spain. But
it wasn’t until that occupation was coming to a close that a broader exchange
began. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">By the mid-1400s an expansionist Europe was hungry for
new materials and markets, and a globally minded Roman Catholic Church sought
new members. Well before Vasco da Gama first sailed around Africa, Portuguese
merchants had opened trading depots along its west coast. And enterprising
Africans were coming to Europe. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">In 1484 a Congolese delegation visited Lisbon on a
diplomatic mission, and Ethiopian Christian pilgrims were establishing
permanent communities in Rome. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Superficially Africa and Europe had embarked on an age of
cosmopolitan rapport, an idea promoted in art. It was during this period that
the convention was introduced of including a black African as one of the three
foreign kings in images of the Adoration of the Magi. A beautiful
early-16th-century Flemish example and one with, exceptionally, two black
figures, tenderly particularized, opens the Walters show on a utopian note,
with a vision of multicultural harmony. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">In reality harmony was rarely associated with Africa in
the European mind. Known primarily secondhand from sensationalizing ancient
texts, the African continent was often depicted in the Renaissance as a place
of freakish beasts and bestial, violence-prone, naturally subject peoples. The
attitude found its place in Renaissance decorative objects like oil lamps and
door pulls cast in the shape of African heads, and in paintings that routinely
included dark-skinned figures as servants or slaves. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Slavery
had a long institutional history in Europe, and for centuries most slaves were
white, from the eastern Mediterranean and Russia. The source changed with the
beginnings of an African slave trade in Europe in the mid-1400s. And the
complexion of European art, subtly but surely, changed with it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">We
find a hint of this in a minutely detailed late-16th-century painting of a city
square in Lisbon bustling with black- and white-skinned figures from across the
social spectrum. We find it again in an exquisite drawing by Dürer of a demure
20-year-old black woman named Katharina, a slave in the household of a Portuguese
patron the artist visited in Antwerp in 1521. And we find it once more in a
fragmentary painting by Annibale Carracci. The original picture seems to have
been a portrait of an aristocratic woman accompanied by her female slave. But
only the likeness of the slave survives, and her face, with its simmering,
level-eyed gaze, is unforgettable. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Being a domestic slave in urban Europe was not
necessarily a lifelong condition. (The situation was very different on New
World plantations.) Slaves could be freed by owners and take up independent
professions. The two black men, one young, one older, in a pair of fleet chalk
drawings from around 1580 by Paolo Veronese might have worked as his assistants
or apprentices, much as the former slave and mixed-race painter Juan de Pareja
did in Velázquez’s studio in Madrid. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">De Pareja went on to have a painting career of his own,
though he is largely remembered as the subject of one of Velázquez’s most
magnificent portraits. But in general the names of black sitters in Renaissance
paintings — and, no doubt, of black artists — are lost. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Who is, or was, the slightly stunned-looking man wearing
drop earrings, a gold chain and pearl-encrusted cap in “Portrait of a Wealthy
African,” by an unknown 16th-century German or Flemish artist? Or the
regal-looking personage, head swathed in a milk-white turban, in an oil sketch
whipped up on a sheet of repurposed accounting paper by Peter Paul Rubens? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivPfywND-fOsHRvsqEry22qEZi8QIhvLQaLxYneS0YCUxqqyCZF3HMwSClOPAmGhyphenhyphenOGbK46hGdriRTPNtJrR72D5v2MNE7madINMccJwFhMHskE9IghgAY05vpI-UcJDSbRYEkZR1o8J8/s1600/antwerp.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivPfywND-fOsHRvsqEry22qEZi8QIhvLQaLxYneS0YCUxqqyCZF3HMwSClOPAmGhyphenhyphenOGbK46hGdriRTPNtJrR72D5v2MNE7madINMccJwFhMHskE9IghgAY05vpI-UcJDSbRYEkZR1o8J8/s320/antwerp.gif" width="309" /></a></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Portrait of a Wealthy African, Flemish or German, ca. 1540, Private
Collection, Antwerp</span></i><i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Rubens’s sitter is so attractive, we’d love to know his
story. And we’d especially love to know the story — the true, gossip-free story
— behind the sitter in an Agnolo Bronzino portrait whose name has survived.
He’s Alessandro de’ Medici, who ruled Florence for seven years before being
assassinated in 1537, and who is thought by historians to have been the
illegitimate child of a pope-to-be, Clement VII, and a black or biracial woman.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Alessandro’s dark skin was remarked on by contemporaries,
who nicknamed him Il Moro (the Moor), a generic term for African in
16th-century Italy. In Bronzino’s painting the subject’s complexion is
inconclusively ruddy. But another portrait, this one of the ruler’s young
daughter Giulia, has been cited by some scholars, who point to the child’s
black facial features, as confirmation of Alessandro’s ethnic heritage. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Together these portraits probably attest to the reality
of African DNA flowing through Medici blood, and through the very center of the
European High Renaissance. But they are at least as interesting for the reactions
they have provoked. Until recently art history has ignored, denied or at best
tiptoed around their racial content, just as it has skimmed over the black
presence in Europe as a whole. The Walters exhibition not only asserts that
presence, but positions it as a contributing factor to a crucial moment in the
forming of European cultural identity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">By the early 17th century that moment seemed to have
passed. Europe’s attention turned to the Americas and to Asia. Africa became
what it had started out being for Europe: a supply center for natural resources
and cheap labor. Old attitudes of fear and disdain toward Africa — still the
dominant view in the West — returned and hardened. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">So: Renaissance followed by regression is the show’s
bottom-line theme. Or is it? One of the saving graces of art — what keeps you
coming back to it — is that it isn’t a bottom-line business. You think you’ve
come to an end, a conclusion, and there’s always more: the exception, the
extension. And so it is in this case: African Europe lived on, in new places,
and in new guises. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Toward the end of the show, in a 1599 painting called
“The Three Mulattoes of Esmereldas,” we see three dark-skinned men in European
court attire but also wearing large gold nose ornaments and holding spears. The
painting, now in the Prado, was done in Spanish colonial Ecuador. It depicts a
father and his two sons, descendants of African plantation slaves and New World
natives, who were leaders of an Afro-Indian community. In this painting,
commissioned from an Ecuadorean artist as a gift to Philip III of Spain, they
present to Europe as what they are: related, different, equal. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">African Europe also continued to flourish on home turf
in, among other places, popular religion. The exhibition’s final image is a resplendent
18th-century carved wood sculpture of a Roman Catholic saint, Benedict of
Palermo (1526-89), who was born into a family of African slaves in Sicily, led
an exemplary life as a Franciscan monk there, and was canonized in 1807. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">This saint is sometimes referred to as Benedict the Moor
or Benedict the African, and in the sculpture his racial identity is
emphatically conveyed: his grave face and extended hand are a rich ebony black,
their darkness framed and amplified by the brilliant gilding of his robe. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt;">
<span lang="EN" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">By the
time this sculpture was carved around 1734, Benedict had long since attracted
an ardent following, in Europe, in the colonial Americas and in Africa. Today
he’s the official patron saint of African-America, with churches in his honor
from Bahia to the Bronx. And images of him, no matter how stylistically varied,
continue to combine traces of Renaissance Europe and of Africa. In him the two
are inseparable, are one. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN">Slide show: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2012/11/09/arts/design/20121109-REVEALING.html">http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2012/11/09/arts/design/20121109-REVEALING.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN">Article:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/arts/design/african-presence-in-renaissance-europe-at-walters-museum.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&nl=todaysheadlines&adxnnl=1&emc=edit_th_20121109&adxnnlx=1352486525-S95yw2AQaC493OEsm7iF8w">http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/arts/design/african-presence-in-renaissance-europe-at-walters-museum.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&nl=todaysheadlines&adxnnl=1&emc=edit_th_20121109&adxnnlx=1352486525-S95yw2AQaC493OEsm7iF8w</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN">Walters Art
Museum Website about the exhibit: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN"><a href="http://thewalters.org/exhibitions/african-presence/">http://thewalters.org/exhibitions/african-presence/</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-4407106898552462002012-11-07T10:07:00.001-05:002012-11-13T09:53:17.040-05:00How Obama Won the Election<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKsTiTGs1nSXrVMFznttmduLXq02PPTyHhiGpehiY2-8tHkMjwdps2ldNTyJKHpw_WAuIsgdDr8mRdfCGFe3WynN98MCX_VReqFenzSdJuYQyLmnhkZgspLg-m47eCbOz3GADyGm3kD2c/s1600/map-fallback.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKsTiTGs1nSXrVMFznttmduLXq02PPTyHhiGpehiY2-8tHkMjwdps2ldNTyJKHpw_WAuIsgdDr8mRdfCGFe3WynN98MCX_VReqFenzSdJuYQyLmnhkZgspLg-m47eCbOz3GADyGm3kD2c/s640/map-fallback.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Map showing the
results of the U.S. Presidential Election 2012 <o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Became more: Democratic (blue); Republican (red). From The New York Times:<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/11/07/us/politics/obamas-diverse-base-of-support.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/11/07/us/politics/obamas-diverse-base-of-support.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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How Obama Won Reelection<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p> </o:p>For those of you who, like me, tried very hard to stay awake
long enough to see which candidate was projected by CNN as the winner of the US
Presidential race last night, it was finally called at 11:18 PM, but of course,
there are some states (FLORIDA!!! AGAIN!!! They need to get their act together!)
that are sill up for grabs.
Nevertheless, Obama received the necessary 270 electoral college votes,
and then some, early enough to call by the professional prognosticators, even
without the dithering of Florida’s critical 29 electoral votes. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG8jdod6szqMZfGDi10WFZCYg24nNRS5q5CXaqTPj7NSJ7O_PYHKU2dhjQALLSSMMcGW-V2-MrQ6O4bEkrek_SrRWOrtvrgK60eLj-kHjK8Fa7NiBBCy9se74LPGcxyQaxGDnQbt2vhPo/s1600/nyt_US_80px_president_map.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG8jdod6szqMZfGDi10WFZCYg24nNRS5q5CXaqTPj7NSJ7O_PYHKU2dhjQALLSSMMcGW-V2-MrQ6O4bEkrek_SrRWOrtvrgK60eLj-kHjK8Fa7NiBBCy9se74LPGcxyQaxGDnQbt2vhPo/s200/nyt_US_80px_president_map.png" width="200" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCO3XUC591C6Ffrj6nTJfLGbypdOeDUU0KxzxDfbyLmuyALQgFLVhGKsUR1Wg3o0ZKWvQpPfmMGhnAeozDZjQ5yHfx3SzI5XM8kS-RFZS0rCALd3FvDF1pK2mk7oUsYeHPgcM1hVPjcpo/s1600/nyt_US_80px_president_counties_map.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCO3XUC591C6Ffrj6nTJfLGbypdOeDUU0KxzxDfbyLmuyALQgFLVhGKsUR1Wg3o0ZKWvQpPfmMGhnAeozDZjQ5yHfx3SzI5XM8kS-RFZS0rCALd3FvDF1pK2mk7oUsYeHPgcM1hVPjcpo/s200/nyt_US_80px_president_counties_map.png" width="200" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhirfga4RVJet8mXBKKHMIgM2zSlviVyC_4-rG5Ljh0ooRCZXEiVE_6iYIATfXaBoJqc4EViQc7wvhQwnmj8WHsW0nt6HOarqJzMDx_0pSez_qTScq66K1CNtY39W92X54ZOaFHP28CJpo/s1600/nyt_US_80px_president_bubbles_map.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhirfga4RVJet8mXBKKHMIgM2zSlviVyC_4-rG5Ljh0ooRCZXEiVE_6iYIATfXaBoJqc4EViQc7wvhQwnmj8WHsW0nt6HOarqJzMDx_0pSez_qTScq66K1CNtY39W92X54ZOaFHP28CJpo/s200/nyt_US_80px_president_bubbles_map.png" width="200" /></a></div>
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Here are some interesting maps of the election results. I was struck by how red the country could be,
whether looking at the state-by-state view, or especially by the
county-by-county view, but still come up with a “blue” result overall. This has to do, obviously with the variable
distribution of population, giving more weight to population centers (e.g.,
cities and populous suburban areas) and less so to rural and relatively
unpopulated areas. This points out the
fallacy of coloring in maps with nominal data, when the size of the geographic
unit has little to do with its real impact for the variable in question (in
this case, electoral votes). Still, it
is striking how divided the nation is, whether it is on geographic lines,
racial/ethnic lines, economic lines, gender lines, or a generational divide. </div>
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<br /></div>
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State and County maps of
election results, For full size interactive maps, see:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://elections.nytimes.com/2012/results/president"><span style="color: blue;">http://elections.nytimes.com/2012/results/president</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGX6sslXFUaGyR2U9mG2TsLEHxWqAUX7p6DZz4h6FuN7wZbi0nwhce1FYVitcIbtscjKR-iZSMXTspYIN-It0b7TxK6WhDereQb-p47eWd4LC1bZ-j_U3NAyGKoHYJo1SKb9McCZTAUnM/s1600/florida_hispanics_growth.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGX6sslXFUaGyR2U9mG2TsLEHxWqAUX7p6DZz4h6FuN7wZbi0nwhce1FYVitcIbtscjKR-iZSMXTspYIN-It0b7TxK6WhDereQb-p47eWd4LC1bZ-j_U3NAyGKoHYJo1SKb9McCZTAUnM/s400/florida_hispanics_growth.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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This explains where Obama’s support came from. He got even less of the white vote than he
had in the 2008 election, and kept about the same percentage of women voters
(55%), but had major gains in the youth vote in key battleground states
(although losing some of the youth vote in other states), and perhaps most
significantly, had overwhelming support from the Latino/a voters. </div>
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“President Obama won the
Hispanic vote by 44 percentage points, 8 percentage points more than in 2008.
Among the swing states, the president made the biggest gains in Colorado,
taking 74 percent of the Hispanic vote, up from 61 percent in 2008. In Florida,
President Obama’s gains among Hispanic voters helped him take the state. He won
60 percent of the Hispanic vote, up from 57 percent in 2008 and 44 percent for
John Kerry in 2004.” <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdpOf0vcEGSPDxR7sk_5vkxo1Lz68veKDZjpr6v19TOohO0bvy1V5zjoZMId_YwftQFQucAaU_aZSzeS8wQ4-Cv1C5-xkOIZvdywIjUJdOLO03QRdZqVphi_q9Q67MmjFlirdkC1zeaGE/s1600/florida_hispanics_results.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdpOf0vcEGSPDxR7sk_5vkxo1Lz68veKDZjpr6v19TOohO0bvy1V5zjoZMId_YwftQFQucAaU_aZSzeS8wQ4-Cv1C5-xkOIZvdywIjUJdOLO03QRdZqVphi_q9Q67MmjFlirdkC1zeaGE/s400/florida_hispanics_results.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/11/07/us/politics/obamas-diverse-base-of-support.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/11/07/us/politics/obamas-diverse-base-of-support.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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How Obama Won Reelection<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8yXRJw2ucOmA8eh1j1ugwnCD9s0zN7xMO4zBSaeq_HfPJYwVRoBmmStrfQRlnoAUagI3ZqmMlLlDS7LnATuF5bQOoL1b0BxcNqGoWaDKwyX0AOULVPmt1u10Eb38whqo_iT4UdM9335U/s1600/electoralcollege_20121107084353_320_240.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8yXRJw2ucOmA8eh1j1ugwnCD9s0zN7xMO4zBSaeq_HfPJYwVRoBmmStrfQRlnoAUagI3ZqmMlLlDS7LnATuF5bQOoL1b0BxcNqGoWaDKwyX0AOULVPmt1u10Eb38whqo_iT4UdM9335U/s640/electoralcollege_20121107084353_320_240.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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From CNN at <a href="http://www.newsnet5.com/dpp/news/political/electoral-college-election-2012-map-results-state-by-state-breakdown-of-barack-obama-romney-race">http://www.newsnet5.com/dpp/news/political/electoral-college-election-2012-map-results-state-by-state-breakdown-of-barack-obama-romney-race</a></div>
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<br /></div>
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Also, see the Washington Post website for a nice series of maps on the "Margin of Victory" at the state and county level, and state-by-state analysis of the election. This one shows how strong or weak the vote was for Obama or Romney. The county one is especially interesting, because the parts of the country that are red are VERY red, almost the entire middle of the country and the deep south. Check out the County Margin map, it's a proportional symbol map showing the margin of victory in thousands of votes. Very nice! <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/politics/election-map-2012/president/">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/politics/election-map-2012/president/</a><br />
<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinmYAVI08LjbOAvUuCujEnqchrtnP22FyojKn_qZ2Yr0jtrXBYSD4rW-p21n-3QJ1Sj0SI0FcB5SFqdvbMbIOOtP_XH76InUln9MCiEsQ5F1A2kSFZfaeHqh7cvqIF_ta4K8TpgcoC3Z0/s1600/electoral+vote+cartogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="427" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinmYAVI08LjbOAvUuCujEnqchrtnP22FyojKn_qZ2Yr0jtrXBYSD4rW-p21n-3QJ1Sj0SI0FcB5SFqdvbMbIOOtP_XH76InUln9MCiEsQ5F1A2kSFZfaeHqh7cvqIF_ta4K8TpgcoC3Z0/s640/electoral+vote+cartogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
OK, here's another one, (Thanks Steve Duncan!) for sending some great cartograms of the election, the one above showing the relative importance of the states vis-a-vis electoral votes, but this website has a nice animation of election advertisement spending in the various swing states. Really informative! See <a href="http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2012/11/01/163632378/a-campaign-map-morphed-by-money" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2012/11/01/163632378/a-campaign-map-morphed-by-money</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVX3dl72Pf2p5sgM5SZ3Nnu5MCg4oX79-rd87mqPyHQQSgNldzq5Rc_s8xhHGbOidCKO9ShG6Dwu9ntHOLM882HxcHGI71VNZVEF7XoHn8rFO3kMWeMw8r6s1ZIgq0pJNjG5tAlwXXHLw/s1600/civil+war-2012+election.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="596" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVX3dl72Pf2p5sgM5SZ3Nnu5MCg4oX79-rd87mqPyHQQSgNldzq5Rc_s8xhHGbOidCKO9ShG6Dwu9ntHOLM882HxcHGI71VNZVEF7XoHn8rFO3kMWeMw8r6s1ZIgq0pJNjG5tAlwXXHLw/s640/civil+war-2012+election.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Here's another interesting one (sent in by Aviva Rahmani. Thanks Aviva!) showing the considerable spatial correspondence between areas of slavery/non-slavery in 1859, racial segregation areas in 1950, and red/blue voting states in 2012. It's not a perfect match-up, and there are some interesting differences (e.g., Virginia, Indiana, New Mexico, Florida) , but wow, remarkably similar. <br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">
<b><span style="background-color: #ffe599; color: #111111;">What The 2012 Election Would Have Looked
Like Without Universal Suffrage</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 16.8pt;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599; color: #111111;">These five maps look at how the 2012
election would have played out before everyone could vote.</span><span style="color: #111111;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"> [Some of the reader's comments about
the maps mention the flaws in the argument presented by these maps, but keep in
mind as you look at them that they are supposed to reflect what TODAY’S United
States would have looked like in the 2012 election if only certain of our
citizens were allowed to vote. Obviously,
in 1850, not all the states were states, etc.
Also, I believe in the early US, not only was the right to vote
restricted to white men, it was further restricted to white male property owner (no poor guys need apply). So there are some grains for salt here to be
taken in interpreting these maps, but all in all a sobering look at how differently elections can turn out
when the right to vote for major constituents of our population is disallowed or
suppressed.] </span><span style="background-color: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIKC1RTDQWMXh0vqsmYekrJahMVxWMvh3DiSsPcJJgUz_Qs3r2WlOib-fdSQdKsVmoV5P9V-GXZayJtjjeooIND15UyqwFDDp4km9Hko2DOZsJ3HARQzcxadLWGawqo1YeEYtRBeEHsKc/s1600/1850-white+men+only+vote.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #ffe599; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIKC1RTDQWMXh0vqsmYekrJahMVxWMvh3DiSsPcJJgUz_Qs3r2WlOib-fdSQdKsVmoV5P9V-GXZayJtjjeooIND15UyqwFDDp4km9Hko2DOZsJ3HARQzcxadLWGawqo1YeEYtRBeEHsKc/s640/1850-white+men+only+vote.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="background-color: #ffe599; color: #111111;">Map 1: 1850</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 16.8pt;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599; color: #111111;">Before 1870, only white men could vote. Here's how the election
would have looked before the 15th Amendment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599; color: #111111;">“President Barack Obama has been elected twice by a
coalition that reflects the diversity of America. Republicans have struggled to
win with ever-higher percentages of the shrinking share of the population that
is white men — "a Mad Men party in a Modern Family world," in the
words of one strategist. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599; color: #111111;">But at America's founding, only white men could vote, and
the franchise has only slowly expanded to include people of color, women, and
— during the Vietnam War — people under 21. These maps show how
American politics would have looked in that undemocratic past.” From: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><a href="http://www.buzzfeed.com/buzzfeedpolitics/what-the-2012-election-would-have-looked-like-with">http://www.buzzfeed.com/buzzfeedpolitics/what-the-2012-election-would-have-looked-like-with</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">See the
website for the rest of the maps on what the election would have looked like without the black
vote, the youth vote, and women’s vote. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<br />
Also check out the collection of pre-Election Maps 2012 at <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/10/election-maps-2012.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/10/election-maps-2012.html</a><br />
<br /></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-15980940401645316922012-10-29T18:56:00.001-04:002012-11-09T18:58:28.184-05:00Best Visualizations of Hurricane Sandy<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_zqnWr52clCBrNaHd8Kzkniqtrq-KBbG0KOow_RGxhID4fYI4gdlZmUpHl7UQceN-_ASCaAtWmmD0TLbcZt-gZTkIlGIffDrUK91cEJzX1NS5I6vuhAUO2Har80cX60vXU-58R4ALnfY/s1600/GOES+satellite+Hurricane+Sandy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_zqnWr52clCBrNaHd8Kzkniqtrq-KBbG0KOow_RGxhID4fYI4gdlZmUpHl7UQceN-_ASCaAtWmmD0TLbcZt-gZTkIlGIffDrUK91cEJzX1NS5I6vuhAUO2Har80cX60vXU-58R4ALnfY/s640/GOES+satellite+Hurricane+Sandy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>NASA’s GOES satellite
image of the hurricane as of early this morning, October 29<sup>th</sup> </i></div>
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<br /></div>
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Greetings, everyone.
Well, with the wind howling around my windows, I wanted to post some
links to some amazing visualizations of Hurricane Sandy that I just
received. (Thanks, Amy!) Sandy has just made landfall, and some of you
may even have already lost power, been flooded out, or have been pre-emptively evacuated. Everyone please stay safe, and let’s hope for
the best. The emergency management
people seem to have done a good job preparing for this storm-of-the-century,
and so we will hopefully have minimal loss of life, although property damage is
a whole other story. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuThpE1n2giBbeQTx3krInobMbkqMdO_ugDOsb9r2OME5Q4z7onoduvQurkG6Td9xIJ485SyAHvLJd3yGbwWXiJStjI49FFQOVrGuqynOt-dzNbTbgFuDWOl4UcaZrIAx6l2lqA4wtOUQ/s1600/wind+map+October+29+2012.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuThpE1n2giBbeQTx3krInobMbkqMdO_ugDOsb9r2OME5Q4z7onoduvQurkG6Td9xIJ485SyAHvLJd3yGbwWXiJStjI49FFQOVrGuqynOt-dzNbTbgFuDWOl4UcaZrIAx6l2lqA4wtOUQ/s640/wind+map+October+29+2012.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Wind map October 29<sup>th</sup>. This really tells the story. </i></div>
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See more visualizations at: </div>
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<a href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/10/29/best_hurricane_sandy_visualizations_wind_map_nasa_wsj_ny_times_webcam_and.html">http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/10/29/best_hurricane_sandy_visualizations_wind_map_nasa_wsj_ny_times_webcam_and.html</a>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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Dramatic aerial photos of the Atlantic City boardwalk,
breached: </div>
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<a href="http://gawker.com/5956001/dramatic-aerial-photo-of-atlantic-city-reveals-large-chunk-of-iconic-boardwalk-swept-away-by-sandy">http://gawker.com/5956001/dramatic-aerial-photo-of-atlantic-city-reveals-large-chunk-of-iconic-boardwalk-swept-away-by-sandy</a>
</div>
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<br />
From the European perspective - How Sandy compares to Europe, (size-wise) from BBC News <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-20123703">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-20123703</a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyOrBISXlqwyy7SmhPuql5Q4zU_j2Wxjc6V8oRngvBuR12TP5lp9wixpIEnYgWE0dP47Q8O0Vl4Whw_Ly5zv-t9DBmrk-hPlICM4c8WMLeIpKpm4IdlXl7Kb2OZunt18ILgyBh3oBAv8g/s1600/how+hurricane_sandy_compares+to+europe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="406" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyOrBISXlqwyy7SmhPuql5Q4zU_j2Wxjc6V8oRngvBuR12TP5lp9wixpIEnYgWE0dP47Q8O0Vl4Whw_Ly5zv-t9DBmrk-hPlICM4c8WMLeIpKpm4IdlXl7Kb2OZunt18ILgyBh3oBAv8g/s640/how+hurricane_sandy_compares+to+europe.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
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And, risk of flooding from Sandy, also from BBC News, via NOAA<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCR6UbpOwUZuGOBBvzsyv0fF7Ll9isvgF7jF5J7ySQG-IZwoG2VTbSv32Ti2fqaG-g6T5gwdUa-5Ehc_HSzvyNepLqJo5Hn_3PjH4rofRZ8BxGXG4qMJdC92OFbrShzZn-7euD-DGxR_I/s1600/flooding+risk.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCR6UbpOwUZuGOBBvzsyv0fF7Ll9isvgF7jF5J7ySQG-IZwoG2VTbSv32Ti2fqaG-g6T5gwdUa-5Ehc_HSzvyNepLqJo5Hn_3PjH4rofRZ8BxGXG4qMJdC92OFbrShzZn-7euD-DGxR_I/s640/flooding+risk.gif" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
Hurricane Sandy in perspective, taking up roughly one third of the US mainland. (but confusingly enough from this graphic, not located correctly on the map! Just inserted in the middle of the continent for size comparison's sake!)<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggRhcxUjoT9O0z3IZPD8aXNBBnz_bAPH0KxyEBLvYVCs4dCi8izMfWghmKN7GOaZ2J87-a6FakF__AsGG5etI64LaFIPyYT7ClZroa3DmtD8hw_H-H1qPfq24VL3ouS9wT3nEFZ0Gr0PA/s1600/5f20a06a221a11e29376123138072854_7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggRhcxUjoT9O0z3IZPD8aXNBBnz_bAPH0KxyEBLvYVCs4dCi8izMfWghmKN7GOaZ2J87-a6FakF__AsGG5etI64LaFIPyYT7ClZroa3DmtD8hw_H-H1qPfq24VL3ouS9wT3nEFZ0Gr0PA/s640/5f20a06a221a11e29376123138072854_7.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
And check out these Before and After aerial photos of Sandy's destructive force along the New Jersey coast at <u><a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/hurricane-sandy-before-after-photos/" target="_blank" title="http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/hurricane-sandy-before-after-photos/">http://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/hurricane-sandy-before-after-photos/</a></u><br />
Thanks, Stephen Franciosa, for sending the link.<br />
<span kerning="0" letterspacing="0" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-87936527441403905372012-10-25T23:14:00.000-04:002012-11-09T19:33:51.295-05:00Election Maps 2012<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3LnL2MPvKTS9lABMqpVVDoYg_eDbnI1za-qu0TDuGwX6o1BFVLPUG50qHgkVTATIvO_gADqGuWA6IySrbUQBuSOgL5YQ0JaJpE62l1Bod7g5dFFX2MoGgPzmZpenFO1r0FfS9Uipt-hM/s1600/Candidates_World_2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3LnL2MPvKTS9lABMqpVVDoYg_eDbnI1za-qu0TDuGwX6o1BFVLPUG50qHgkVTATIvO_gADqGuWA6IySrbUQBuSOgL5YQ0JaJpE62l1Bod7g5dFFX2MoGgPzmZpenFO1r0FfS9Uipt-hM/s640/Candidates_World_2.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Cartogram of the world,
showing the number of times various countries around the globe were mentioned
by the candidates in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Presidential Election this week. Very nice map by Michael Porter, one of CUNY’s
own, and now a health geographer heading up the GIS unit at a major NYC
agency. <o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
So we find ourselves now in the
home stretch leading up to the US Presidential Elections, and I would like to
share with you some of the clever and informative election theme maps that have
been making the rounds. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><i>Interactive change-the-scenario maps<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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The first series of maps are
interactive, where you, the map viewer, can change the map by altering the
scenarios for the electoral votes by state.
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://elections.nytimes.com/2012/electoral-map">http://elections.nytimes.com/2012/electoral-map</a>
</div>
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The New York Times </div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/maps/#r=pres&v=states">http://projects.wsj.com/campaign2012/maps/#r=pres&v=states</a>
</div>
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The Wall Street Journal – shows important “issues” in each
state, as well as whether Obama- or Romney-leaning</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2012/president/2012_elections_electoral_college_map.html">http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2012/president/2012_elections_electoral_college_map.html</a>
</div>
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Real Clear Politics interactive map of electoral college
votes</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2012/ecalculator#?battleground">http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2012/ecalculator#?battleground</a>
</div>
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CNN You can create your own map looking at different
scenarios in the battleground states</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/2012/romney-vs-obama-electoral-map">http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/2012/romney-vs-obama-electoral-map</a>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/2012/romney-vs-obama-electoral-map#cartogram">http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/2012/romney-vs-obama-electoral-map#cartogram</a>
</div>
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Huffington Post, same interactive deal as the others, the
second link showing a “cartogram” (really a sort of a proportional symbol map) </div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><i>The Historical Perspective<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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One thing that strikes me as I look
back on the history of Presidential election results is the extreme closeness
of most races. It seems that the 50-50
divide in our country is nothing new.
Most of the elections have been won by just a very small margin of the
popular vote. 46% to 48%, etc., even one
that was 48.4% to 48.6%. What a
squeaker! There have been only a few
landslides in the popular vote, such as Teddy Roosevelt’s 1904 election (56% to
37%), and FDR’s 1936 election (61% to 36%) and a few notable others, but
generally the popular vote is only within a few percentage points, when there
are two major candidates running. In
several elections, the insertion of a third party candidate has basically served
as a spoiler for one or the other of the major party candidates. </div>
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Another interesting thing to look
at is the cases when the popular vote is very, very close, within a percentage
point or two, and yet, the electoral college map looks like a landslide for one
party or the other. And of course there
are the famous times in our history when a candidate has won the popular vote
but lost the electoral college vote, memorably with the Al Gore/George W race
in 2000. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLDvJV7uBMzkuRVZjaRgomGe4c3W5x3GL-A1PnxTPOwVVhA_ifdaWxHt5iKDXDPHXj0Q4s5SOffY-Yw2QkXt21VChx_RCJBzPjzOxneaQFvX2xkFq_oOernHoZkbH2DPzQKCWTwAnWHcw/s1600/ElectoralCollege1864_svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLDvJV7uBMzkuRVZjaRgomGe4c3W5x3GL-A1PnxTPOwVVhA_ifdaWxHt5iKDXDPHXj0Q4s5SOffY-Yw2QkXt21VChx_RCJBzPjzOxneaQFvX2xkFq_oOernHoZkbH2DPzQKCWTwAnWHcw/s400/ElectoralCollege1864_svg.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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For the historical perspective, see </div>
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<a href="http://www.100bestwebsites.org/alt/evmaps/electoral-maps.htm">http://www.100bestwebsites.org/alt/evmaps/electoral-maps.htm</a>
</div>
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Maps of the electoral college results in US elections since
1789</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><i>Isarithmic history of the 2-party vote<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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<a href="http://dsparks.wordpress.com/2010/11/15/isarithmic-history-of-the-two-party-vote/">http://dsparks.wordpress.com/2010/11/15/isarithmic-history-of-the-two-party-vote/</a>
</div>
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He uses county-level results to create the contours. Check out the animated version showing
election results from 1876 to 2008. <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4h62jRiUcc&fmt=22">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4h62jRiUcc&fmt=22</a>
</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdQCb9KI-9z4bQanWlD9_MNNhNWgYlZuhmSR6eDPxSet14FQuaWDoGTDFCv2VryfEnqSciH2cl3ivvn87V90Q5_dJdxqa4asr8kkdV3FUrGcqGaqZVZv4iBhErlKDIY0JwdOtYb4mCNFE/s1600/isarithmic+election+map+2008.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdQCb9KI-9z4bQanWlD9_MNNhNWgYlZuhmSR6eDPxSet14FQuaWDoGTDFCv2VryfEnqSciH2cl3ivvn87V90Q5_dJdxqa4asr8kkdV3FUrGcqGaqZVZv4iBhErlKDIY0JwdOtYb4mCNFE/s640/isarithmic+election+map+2008.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">“Using county-level data, I
spatially and temporally interpolated presidential vote returns for the two
major party candidates in each election from 1920-2008. The result illuminates
the sometimes gradual, sometimes rapid change in the geographic basis of
presidential partisanship.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://dsparks.wordpress.com/2010/11/01/choropleth-maps-of-presidential-voting/">http://dsparks.wordpress.com/2010/11/01/choropleth-maps-of-presidential-voting/</a>
</div>
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Here’s his take on the same election data, shown in
choropleth maps. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><i>The 2008 Election results<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/2008/">http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/2008/</a>
</div>
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Interesting look at the 2008 election results, including
some cartograms and clever use of color to indicate intensity of results. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzhgOWHiOGPXzK4qiifMwhobtH_nV1uwLTKxUOz0l2P1zYZlYpIxM7tIbEuKocyvI-VEBX6fzLKYQlTjDRZDQ8IiarYn2i_RA2gx6QT3ZxCuqA1T9jkV9hAUTfWipaEqHBulixvRTwYgA/s1600/2008+election+cartogram.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzhgOWHiOGPXzK4qiifMwhobtH_nV1uwLTKxUOz0l2P1zYZlYpIxM7tIbEuKocyvI-VEBX6fzLKYQlTjDRZDQ8IiarYn2i_RA2gx6QT3ZxCuqA1T9jkV9hAUTfWipaEqHBulixvRTwYgA/s400/2008+election+cartogram.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><i>Civil War Divisions vs. the 2012 Electoral Map<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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And from Common Sense Democracy, a comparison of the 1864
Civil War Divisions and the 2012 Electoral Map (as of August, 2012)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.commonsensedemocracy.com/2012/08/27/us-history/presidential-electoral-map-versus-civil-war-divisions-1864/">http://www.commonsensedemocracy.com/2012/08/27/us-history/presidential-electoral-map-versus-civil-war-divisions-1864/</a>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHsdu0kHLcPAZ7OFzYAneNGcv25eLwFMKgA7iPSSVigc5KRVRDs8dRX50Ai5D5XAyvHfCN84IWJuRGag5LYhfLEL3i9ISbvsFNVvzZ_-jSz7I9Gah738XcDFp16Oiqdh9l7d1BAPCO2l0/s1600/US-2012-vs-1864.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHsdu0kHLcPAZ7OFzYAneNGcv25eLwFMKgA7iPSSVigc5KRVRDs8dRX50Ai5D5XAyvHfCN84IWJuRGag5LYhfLEL3i9ISbvsFNVvzZ_-jSz7I9Gah738XcDFp16Oiqdh9l7d1BAPCO2l0/s640/US-2012-vs-1864.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><i>Electing a US President in Plain English<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
If you are as confused as many
Americans are about how this whole electoral college thing works, here’s a good little animated video
that explains it all “in plain English.” All, that is, except for Nebraska and Maine, which don’t follow the rest of the states
and are even more confusing, and I don’t think this video bothers to tackle
those two anomalous states. I like the
cute cartoons of the states. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ok_VQ8I7g6I&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ok_VQ8I7g6I&feature=related</a><br />
<br />
<b><i>Swing States</i></b><br />
The rest of the electorate can just sit quietly and have a beer? Haha! Don't you believe it! Everyone should get out to vote, even the so-called "safe" states. <br />
<b><i><br /></i></b>
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<b><i>How the last four years affect YOU</i></b><br />
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This is not exactly a map, but it is an
interactive report by town (based on zip code) for an accounting of how Obama
administration policies have benefited your town. It's pretty impressive,
actually, and it seems would refute most of the hyperbole surrounding the
"what has Obama actually accomplished?" and "are you better off
than you were four years ago?" type questions. Plug in your zip code
at the website here to see for yourselves. In addition to the zip code
specific listing of accomplishments in energy, jobs, health care, taxes, small
business, education, etc., there is also a map of your area with pins to
designate sites where programs are directly linked to Obama Recovery Act
policies and funding, and you can mouse over them and it will tell you how
many jobs were directly created by each. <span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><a href="http://www.barackobama.com/local" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" title="http://www.barackobama.com/local">www.barackobama.com/local</a></div>
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And here is our current (and future?) President, looking
carefully at a world map, as all national leaders should be doing at least once
a day.<br />
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Check
out my current post (November 7th, 2012) on the actual post-election maps at <a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/11/how-obama-won-election.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.com/2012/11/how-obama-won-election.html</a><o:p></o:p><br />
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Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-33911748040980231222012-05-28T07:44:00.000-04:002012-05-28T07:45:44.202-04:00Map of the Week 5-28-2012: Blaeu’s 1654 Atlas of Scotland<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<i>Map of the “Yle of
Skie,” from Blaeu’s 1654 Atlas of Scotland</i>. <i><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">“Continue now, look at
Scotland, and enjoy a feast for the eyes.” So writes Joan Blaeu in his 'Greetings to the
Reader,' part of the preliminary material to his 1654 </span></i><em><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-style: normal;">Atlas
novus</span></em><i><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">. (from introductory remarks by Charles
Withers, Professor of Historical Geography at the University of Edinburgh, on
Blaeu’s Atlas of Scotland, at </span><a href="http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/">http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/</a></i><i><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">)</span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">Joan Blaeu (<strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">1599-1673) </span></strong>was a very esteemed and prolific Amsterdam
mapmaker working in the Map-mad 17<sup>th</sup> century. He received the prestigious appointment as mapmaker
to the Dutch East India Company, which was responsible for opening up new
markets for trade throughout the world, and for whom accurate maps would
obviously have been of paramount importance.
But Blaeu’s maps were also tremendously beautiful and desirable in their
own right as objets d’art. For instance,
in many of Vermeer’s wonderful paintings of everyday life in the Netherlands, a
framed Blaeu map appears in a position of prominence in the interiors of the
homes that are the setting for his paintings, indicating their cherished status
as symbols of wealth and discernment of the occupants, but showing also how
popularized and widely-owned his maps had become with the middle and upper
classes. (See an example of this at </span><a href="http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/geography-beach-books.html">http://geographer-at-large.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/geography-beach-books.html</a><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">The Atlas was, for all intents and purposes, more than 70
years in the making, and for an interesting history of how the Atlas came to be,
and all the obstacles, both technical and bureaucratic, impeding its eventual
publication, see the excellent account at <a href="http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/history_behind_publication.html">http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/history_behind_publication.html</a>
When completed, Volume V of Blaeu’s <i>Atlas Novus</i> contained 49 maps of
Scotland and 6 of Ireland<i>.</i> It was published originally with all text in
Latin, and later editions were translated into Dutch, French, Spanish, and
other languages, but never into English!
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">Blaeu’s <i>Atlas of
Scotland and Ireland</i> was a quite a ground-breaking work. It used the latest in scientific geographic knowledge
(and all that word implied in the 17<sup>th</sup> century – Geography was
really a catch-word for most of the knowledge about the world) combined with “Chorography.” What is Chorography, you might well ask? It is a term which has gone out of service,
for the most part, but perhaps will enjoy something of a comeback with the
recent interest in more qualitative techniques and mixed-method approaches in
Geography, all of which have seen a resurgence in recent years. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">From the good Prof. Withers again: “Geography
in the age of Pont and Blaeu was not as we would now understand the term. Early modern geographical knowledge drew upon
natural history, astrology, even natural magic and was apparent in various
forms: descriptive geography, mathematical geography - of importance to
navigators and in mapmaking - and, notably, chorography. Chorography as understood and practised in the
late 16th and 17th centuries drew upon the work of the classical authority
Claudius Ptolemaeus (known as Ptolemy). In
Book I of his eight-book <em>Geographia</em>, Ptolemy distinguished between
geography and chorography: 'The purpose
of Geography is to represent the unity and continuity of the known world in its
true nature and location ... The aim of Chorography is to represent only a
part'. Crucially, chorography was a
qualitative art: 'Chorography therefore concentrates more on the quality of
places than on their quantity or scale, aware that it should use all means to
sketch the true form or likeness of places and not so much their correspondence,
measure or disposition amongst themselves or with the heavens or with the whole
of the world' (cited in Withers 2001a, 140-1). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">The intellectual worlds of the late
16th and 17th centuries recognised and used this crucial distinction between
geography, the accurate representation of the whole known world, and
chorography, the pictorial and written 'impression' of local areas and places,
without regard to what we moderns would take to be quantitative accuracy. Chorography appealed to late Renaissance intellectual
ideas of order. But it did more than
that. For three reasons, 'The
chorographic/geographic distinction was perhaps the most important classifying
scheme for maps in 16th-century Europe' (Mundy 1996, 5). It was a means to
classify existing maps. It created a
standard dual model of how space should in future be mapped. It corresponded to
models of the political state: 'indeed, its contours followed the fault lines
between regionalism and nationalism' (Mundy 1996, 5-6). The distinction was widely employed throughout
the late 16th and 17th centuries in Europe, Japan, Russia and the Portuguese
and Spanish colonies of the New World (Withers 2001a). In England in this
period - and, after 1603, in the newly created geographical entity that was
'Great Britain' - chorography was 'the most wide-ranging of the geographical
arts, in that it provided the specific detail to make concrete the other
general branches of geography' (Cormack 1997, 163).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">Chorography's textual features took
several forms. Description of places and
regions very commonly incorporated topographical poetry: 'self-fashioning'
through versifying was a commonplace in Elizabethan accounts of land and nation
(Greenblatt 1980; Helgerson 1986, 1992; Klein 2001). Chorography emphasised the local and did so
historically and geographically: with reference, for example, to the
genealogies of families of note, and to the remarkable features in a place. This attention to place had political
significance in that matters of a local nature - notable families, distinctive
natural features, historical antiquities and such like - were made to appear
part of that place, fixed over time as well as in space. Because of this,
chorography - with geography one of what the late Renaissance and early modern
worlds understood as the 'eyes of history' - was closely associated with
chronology (the other 'eye'), with antiquarianism and with emerging ideas of
public utility and of national identity (Cormack 1991a, 1997; Mayhew 2001). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">In sum, chorography was a particular
form of geographical knowledge, rooted in certain intellectual traditions and
apparent in words and maps, that was concerned to capture the 'impression' of a
region or place. It was, textually, an
essentially conservative form of regional description in as much as it assumed
the continued authority of the monarchy and nobility. That fact in turn is why chorographical
writing often lauds leading families and prominent individuals of note:
patronage, patriotism and the political well-being of the realm revealed
through its regional portrayal were closely associated elements in Blaeu's
world.” (From: “A Vision of Scotland,” by Prof. Charles Withers, at <a href="http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/vision_of_scotland.html">http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/vision_of_scotland.html</a>)
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10pt;">Works Cited in above Excerpt: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10pt;">Cormack, L. B., <em>Charting an Empire:
Geography at the English Universities</em> (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1997).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10pt;">Greenblatt, S., <em>Renaissance
Self-Fashioning from More to Shakespeare</em> (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1980)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10pt;">Helgerson, R., 'The Land Speaks:
Cartography, Chorography and Subversion in Renaissance England', <em>Representations</em>
16 (1986), 51-85<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10pt;">Klein, B., <em>Maps and the Writing of
Space in Early Modern England and Ireland</em> (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10pt;">Mayhew, R., 'Geography, Print Culture and
the Renaissance: "The Road Less Travelled By", <em>History of
European Ideas</em> 27 (2001), 349-369<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10pt;">Mundy, B. E., <em>The Mapping of New Spain:
Indigenous Cartography and the Maps of the Relaçiones Geograficas</em>
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10pt;">Withers, C. W. J., 'Pont in Context:
Chorography, Mapmaking and National Identity in the Late Sixteenth Century', in
<em>The Nation Survey'd: essays on late sixteenth-century Scotland as depicted
by Timothy Pont</em> edited by Ian C. Cunningham (East Linton, 2001a), 139-154.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQifUToFoBVqd6NVPUqfA4Ilr1A77ASyDRL51e42SgiU7gkgXQ7rULAZAK7Gzpyz7IAMdD-DNiK6F3xRv-o85kqNt7b-J7E-IO4oncTqah1nnmbpGhZHSdZaSxdT8cnI8Wq-x96irAMVI/s1600/Blaeu_Lower+Clydesdale.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQifUToFoBVqd6NVPUqfA4Ilr1A77ASyDRL51e42SgiU7gkgXQ7rULAZAK7Gzpyz7IAMdD-DNiK6F3xRv-o85kqNt7b-J7E-IO4oncTqah1nnmbpGhZHSdZaSxdT8cnI8Wq-x96irAMVI/s640/Blaeu_Lower+Clydesdale.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>“The
nether ward of Clyds-dail and Glasco” Zoom-able map at: <a href="http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/page.cfm?id=96">http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/page.cfm?id=96</a>
<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">On this map of the Lower Clyde region, north is the right
side of the map, “Glasgva” is shown in the top middle as a major city (in red)
on the banks of the River Clyde, with the location of “The Mills” below it (to
the east of the city, but in this orientation it looks like to the south since
we are used to north being on top rather than to the side. Likewise, the River Clyde runs east-west in
reality, but in this map appears to run north-south, until we get used to the
idea that north is on the right). Many
of the place names on this map still exist on modern maps, with little change,
such as Parthick (now Partick), Blyths Wood (now Blythswood), Burrowsfield (now
Barrowfield), Carntynenoc (now Carntyne), etc.
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;"> The map of the Isle of Skye (Yle of
Skia) shown above at the top of this post – zoom-able version at <a href="http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/view/?id=119">http://maps.nls.uk/atlas/blaeu/view/?id=119</a> - depicts the largest of the islands in the Inner Hebrides. </span><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;"> In old Norse, the name for Skye is </span><i><span lang="EN">skuy</span></i><span lang="EN"> (misty isle), skýey or <i>skuyö</i> (isle of
cloud).<span style="color: #333333;"> </span></span><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;"> In Gaelic the name for the Isle of Skye, </span><i><span lang="EN">Ellan Skiannach,</span></i><span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;"> means “the winged island,” possibly owing to its many notches and indentations and peninsulas radiating out from the central core of mountains, making it look like feathered wings. </span><span lang="EN"><span style="color: #333333;"> </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN"><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span> "This Ile is callit <i>Ellan Skiannach</i> in
Irish, that is to say in Inglish the wyngit Ile, be reason it has mony wyngis
and pointis lyand furth fra it, throw the dividing of thir foirsaid
Lochis." <span style="font-size: 15px;">English translation from Lowland Scots: </span><i style="font-size: 15px;">This isle is called</i><span style="font-size: 15px;"> Ellan Skiannach </span><i style="font-size: 15px;">in Gaelic, that is to say in English, "The Winged Isle", by reason of its many wings and points that come from it, through dividing of the land by the aforesaid lochs</i><span style="font-size: 15px;">. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt;">From Munro, D. (1818) </span><i style="font-size: 11pt;">Description of the
Western Isles of Scotland called Hybrides, by Mr. Donald Munro, High Dean of
the Isles, who travelled through most of them in the year 1549.</i><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> Miscellanea
Scotica, Quoted in Murray (1966) p. 146. </span><br />
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">Near the center of Blaeu’s map of Skye (above and to the
left of the town of Portry – now Portree) is Loch Cholumbkil (Colum Cille - Saint
Columba’s lake), and in the middle of the loch is a little island with an abbey,
and on the little island is a little lake.
The loch appears to be at the end of a river which leads from a sea
loch, Loch Snizort (love that name – SNIZORT!).
Unfortunately, I can find no trace of this lake within an island on a
lake within an island on a current map of Skye, but I will look for it when I
am in Skye next week and perhaps find it on large-scale OS maps. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;">I did find some notes about Loch
Columbkille in an old journal written in 1883 by a well-known (at the time)
travel writer and painter who spent 6 months in the Hebrides, so apparently the
Loch and its islet were still extant 130 years ago or so. </span></div>
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<span class="style11">“This fine sea-loch divides itself into an inner and
an outer harbour, perfectly land-locked. The former is still known to the older
fishers as Loch Columbkille, being one of the spots specially dedicated to St.
Columba, who was patron saint of half of Skye, and many neighbouring isles. The
other half was the property of that St. Maelruhba to whom, as we have seen,
were offered such strange sacrifices.' At the further end of the loch, close to
the sheriff's house, is a small rocky islet, where a few fragments of building,
and traces of old graves are all that now remain to mark the spot where once
stood the oldest monastic building in Scotland; so, at least, say certain of
our wisest antiquarians.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="style11">From </span><i>In the Hebrides</i>, (Chapter 13) by C. F.
Gordon Cumming (1883) at <a href="http://www.electricscotland.com/history/hebrides/index.htm">http://www.electricscotland.com/history/hebrides/index.htm</a>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzAr9OuBbvAEhUkIrbZ-EohxwwRDQknSs-sh89U9BTosfVEwkISp9E5knKIKdOnf9DQT6QryEjrA18kzHt1po2OyG4GppN-vm_ywQKUMtQCl_WkQfLdpdv2jvCfDNQfSRFr20gNys0NDU/s1600/kilt+rock_+trotternish_skye.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzAr9OuBbvAEhUkIrbZ-EohxwwRDQknSs-sh89U9BTosfVEwkISp9E5knKIKdOnf9DQT6QryEjrA18kzHt1po2OyG4GppN-vm_ywQKUMtQCl_WkQfLdpdv2jvCfDNQfSRFr20gNys0NDU/s640/kilt+rock_+trotternish_skye.jpg" width="486" /></a></div>
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<i>Kilt Rock is a spectacular rock formation south of Staffin on the
Trotternish peninsula, Skye. The 200ft-high cliffs take their name from the
basalt columns which resemble the folds of a kilt. There is also a waterfall
where the River Mealt plunges 200 feet straight down to the shore.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghz-3AflA-QOnbtACIGEajlI7qmyKj9POBwMLcIF_0Dkd_QnbFDVKnV6vo0Mz1UCBKq-p3aXpMU0IlrhaD93w2VZP6kvYm-ActwLq_adLLKZNriFcZ67Ilj2Kp53gyEaxzi8bUduTkHQ8/s1600/Duntulm+Castle_Skye.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghz-3AflA-QOnbtACIGEajlI7qmyKj9POBwMLcIF_0Dkd_QnbFDVKnV6vo0Mz1UCBKq-p3aXpMU0IlrhaD93w2VZP6kvYm-ActwLq_adLLKZNriFcZ67Ilj2Kp53gyEaxzi8bUduTkHQ8/s400/Duntulm+Castle_Skye.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>The ruins of Duntulm Castle lie approximately six miles north of Uig on
the Trotternish peninsula of Skye. Duntulm was previously the site of an iron
age broch, a Pictish fort and a Viking stronghold. The castle changed hands
several times between the Macleods and the MacDonalds but it was secured as a
MacDonald stronghold after the Battle of Trotternish in the 16th century. Written in Gaelic as Dun Tuilm, the meaning
is often debated but it is most commonly translated as 'fort of the green
grassy headland'. The castle was abandoned by the MacDonalds in favour of
Monkstadt in the 1730s and stone from the castle was used in building the new
house. This left the castle in a
dangerous state of disrepair and it has only recently been stabilized. <o:p></o:p></i></div>
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These illustrations were
taken from <i>'In the Hebrides</i>', by CF
Gordon Cumming (1883) at <a href="http://www.ambaile.org.uk/en/item/item_illustration.jsp?item_id=21491">http://www.ambaile.org.uk/en/item/item_illustration.jsp?item_id=21491</a>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333;"> This will be my last blog posting
for a little while. I have to take a
short hiatus for the next few weeks from all extracurricular activities. I will be in Skye for the long Jubilee
weekend, I need to finish my research and prepare and give five presentations in
June based on my work here over the past 6 months, and finally I will then have
to organize myself and pack up my life here in order to return home to
NYC. I hope to be back to full blogging
power in mid-summer, and I’m sure will have a good backlog of interesting
tid-bits of geographica to share. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-13922875820740944342012-05-21T05:05:00.000-04:002012-05-21T05:07:08.633-04:00Map of the Week 5-21-2012:Can a 3-D Map Change the World?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsJnGGphtx3HUpKTLhVvbDp3Hv1yko7XxwRzXtZ3cU9YYZowtrjG_ksNez7kEfxFh3LzanyGlnY3TKWVF2KJoz6wmweemWCH2XvNIjXtK2uZk_6_onemCx4bdFhD2nKpWlSwgVYs4k9qY/s1600/london+3-D.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsJnGGphtx3HUpKTLhVvbDp3Hv1yko7XxwRzXtZ3cU9YYZowtrjG_ksNez7kEfxFh3LzanyGlnY3TKWVF2KJoz6wmweemWCH2XvNIjXtK2uZk_6_onemCx4bdFhD2nKpWlSwgVYs4k9qY/s640/london+3-D.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>A screenshot of the
new Mapply platform. For the interactive
version, see <a href="http://www.mapply.com/">http://www.mapply.com/</a></i></div>
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This is Mapply - Virtual 3-D Maps
built with real world data. So far, the
website just shows demos - the actual application is not really up and running
yet, but the developers are claiming some amazing things for their
platform. They say they have real-time
data for 400 cities in 52 different countries, and there is practically no
limit to what you can find with the data. There will be real-time data on weather, traffic, what's happening in each city, how to get around, connections to all kinds of data extracted from social media that will inform our understanding of a place, and more - all in one site for easy access. They say it will change the world!
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Check out their little videos of
fly-throughs of London and San Francisco at <a href="http://www.mapply.com/gallery">http://www.mapply.com/gallery</a>. Here is “From Olympic Park to the Gherkin.”</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/5cjwEhqKqNk?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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</div>Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582124947210486019.post-45935513830328781602012-05-14T07:20:00.000-04:002012-05-14T07:53:20.646-04:00Map of the Week 5-14-2012:Lost Colony Found on Map!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6CjcrYKVcCqujLdEWFpzik2DDtz8GPNcIy6axUcX8B6I3FLG03GyLGgAtt7Rubvy3j-kDfHBJ-2MdZ_uyj47S9NlY0PmDyzF1EyWZshoMLQG8zuiHH8rKftDCR5hces2JBe3tYap0SwQ/s1600/ROANOKE-2-popup.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6CjcrYKVcCqujLdEWFpzik2DDtz8GPNcIy6axUcX8B6I3FLG03GyLGgAtt7Rubvy3j-kDfHBJ-2MdZ_uyj47S9NlY0PmDyzF1EyWZshoMLQG8zuiHH8rKftDCR5hces2JBe3tYap0SwQ/s640/ROANOKE-2-popup.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>The Lost Colony of Roanoke
Island, a 400-year old mystery, may just have gotten a major clue in the form
of the investigation of a patch over an old watercolor map by John White in the
collection of the British Museum. From: <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/us/map-markings-offer-clues-to-lost-colony.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/us/map-markings-offer-clues-to-lost-colony.html</a>
Thanks, Brian Morgan, for sending me the
link! </i></div>
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In the 1587, English settlers came to a coastal
island in what is now North Carolina for the purpose of forming a permanent
colony in the New World. This was the
first English settlement to include civilians, not just explorers and military. After a harrowing few months there, the
leader of the expedition and the fledgling colony’s governor, John White, went
back to England for supplies to ensure the colony’s survival over the coming winter. When he returned, all traces of the colonists
were gone. For the past 400 years,
people have speculated on what fate might have befallen them, including
massacre by the nearby American Indian tribes, assimilation into the tribes, disease
epidemic, starvation, and so forth. (White's return was delayed three years, until 1590, due to the Spanish Armada incident and Queen Elizabeth's moratorium on non-essential shipping during the duration of hostilities.)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIJTfEaBHnXF27lOXTx3fT4PNWe6b_YkWWk0gpilfeER9GPYPA7chsXsofpW1eKYPwnV-y9DFiL45PtqNOGVlS2AZAOGRa7dLIxXzFipzNe6kvFLjb_vJAj7JaYT2kO9w0L0epiCcaJcU/s1600/firstcolonyfoundation.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIJTfEaBHnXF27lOXTx3fT4PNWe6b_YkWWk0gpilfeER9GPYPA7chsXsofpW1eKYPwnV-y9DFiL45PtqNOGVlS2AZAOGRa7dLIxXzFipzNe6kvFLjb_vJAj7JaYT2kO9w0L0epiCcaJcU/s640/firstcolonyfoundation.bmp" width="326" /></a></div>
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<i>John White's 1587 watercolor map of the North Carolina coastal area, including the Roanoke colony. The areas within the dotted outlines indicate the two areas of the map having patches afixed later. Also, notice the various crests on the map, inserted on top of a "virgin" and "empty" landscape to denote English ownership and dominion over the place.</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjthD5mBCduLuMNjp3HW-elmLDCm4AikZrFsO6DWPTPtWoOZRswJAqwGVT0P0o5BiJ4CaqQzUmbQIFcUnFDxtzPA-gs4q7I-u-tbqQN8Oi6M17Qx7sNzrfAf5pIcPldjAv9_S9XmRIwmhY/s1600/John+White+map+of+Virginia+1585.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;"><img border="0" height="378" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjthD5mBCduLuMNjp3HW-elmLDCm4AikZrFsO6DWPTPtWoOZRswJAqwGVT0P0o5BiJ4CaqQzUmbQIFcUnFDxtzPA-gs4q7I-u-tbqQN8Oi6M17Qx7sNzrfAf5pIcPldjAv9_S9XmRIwmhY/s640/John+White+map+of+Virginia+1585.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Earlier map of
Virginia, by John White, 1585, with Sir Walter Raleigh’s coat of arms displayed
prominently, a stamp of English possession imposed on the existing indigenous population.
</i><i> Map from "New
Found Lands: Maps in the History of Exploration,” by Peter Whitfield.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">“Historically, one of the most
important purposes in the development of maps was for political control. Those
who could describe a place graphically and understand its location in relation
to other places could put a claim to it and control it: if you were the one who
could define boundaries and map an area, it belonged to you. Maps helped the
powerful consolidate political power and establish jurisdiction over conquered
territories.” From “</span><i style="text-indent: 0.5in;">GIS for the Urban
Environment.”</i></span><br />
<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> This new examination of an old map sheds some
light on what might have happened to them. </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Underneath an inconspicuous patch on the map
there was a drawing of a fortification.</span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Why
the patch was put on the map covering the drawing of the fort is unknown.</span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">It was common to put patches on maps when
there was new information, as a quick and cheap way of updating the map without
having to re-draw it completely.</span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">It was
less common to put a patch over a map to obscure or obliterate some piece of
information.</span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div>
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Even on maps today, sensitive areas are “vague-ified,” and we see numerous examples of that with our own national mapping agency (USGS) in relation to military areas, archaeological sites, and certain endangered species conservation areas where it was deemed to be best not to show exact locations to the public. The patched-over inland fort on the 1587 map may have been a situation like that, whereby the authorities did not want the location to be known. It is now thought that perhaps the members of the Lost Colony made their way about 50 miles inland and built the fort rather than remain on Roanoke Island.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqRsx3bSylWJnCYvxVm3cUyECmVCDWsuwc_VOKdl6uLYyjzyk_xGwgRsdvNe6oaH3nbusen2PdwkO5Vxl93BNI3WJ3OMrislFSVmVnWmR-7Lm_yvJqaBbViy2Pg6UJsvQ991FL404KE28/s1600/Paleis+Noordeinde+The+Hague.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqRsx3bSylWJnCYvxVm3cUyECmVCDWsuwc_VOKdl6uLYyjzyk_xGwgRsdvNe6oaH3nbusen2PdwkO5Vxl93BNI3WJ3OMrislFSVmVnWmR-7Lm_yvJqaBbViy2Pg6UJsvQ991FL404KE28/s640/Paleis+Noordeinde+The+Hague.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i>Paleis Noordeinde,
The Hague, How the Dutch cover up sensitive areas on their Google Maps, from
Granta. More cool examples at <a href="http://www.granta.com/New-Writing/Dutch-Landscapes">http://www.granta.com/New-Writing/Dutch-Landscapes</a></i><i><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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The researchers at the British Museum looked at
the map using a number of different techniques: Infrared Reflectograms, Infrared
false color, Ultraviolet reflected, Ultraviolet induced luminescence, and Reflected
visible light images, Raman spectroscopy, and all kinds of amazing high-tech image
enhancing and processing methods to see the history of what had been drawn on
the map. The findings of the map
investigation are quite fascinating, and are documented in a British Museum
publication at <a href="http://www.firstcolonyfoundation.org/news/british_museum_findings.pdf">http://www.firstcolonyfoundation.org/news/british_museum_findings.pdf</a>
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<i>Transmitted Visible Light Image of Patch 2 area on the John White Map</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyJ3cAFty4qkAk2TAJi-xKgajpzSwV6UgKW5Cu6aqsT6p3W6_RNw8BPKV33csRMbpq_mWNvIrzKZ6vefeqTv1q4w7u1baZSLcywpf2kzfUcUWe6oCwWYgAHYSnG7hGDorbLyD7R-R4ens/s1600/infrared+false-color+image+800-1000nm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyJ3cAFty4qkAk2TAJi-xKgajpzSwV6UgKW5Cu6aqsT6p3W6_RNw8BPKV33csRMbpq_mWNvIrzKZ6vefeqTv1q4w7u1baZSLcywpf2kzfUcUWe6oCwWYgAHYSnG7hGDorbLyD7R-R4ens/s640/infrared+false-color+image+800-1000nm.jpg" width="358" /></a></div>
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<i>Infrared False-Color image (800-1,000 nm) of Patch 2 area.</i></div>
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John White, the cartographer who created the
map, had been to the New World once before, as the official map-maker and
artist to a 1585 expedition to the same general area. It was a rather novel concept at the time to
have an artist and cartographer on board such a ship of exploration, and White’s
paintings remain an important record of what life was like in the pre-colonized
New World, especially 16<sup>th</sup> century Algonquin society. In later years, artists were commonly employed
on journeys of discovery, most famously in Captain James Cook’s voyages across
the Pacific (late 18<sup>th</sup> century, fully two centuries after White’s
work). Engraved plates were made from John
White’s drawings and the prints were disseminated throughout Europe under the
title “America,” which helped to popularize the “exoticism” of the New World. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p> </o:p> </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHxr5gvEeTQd9Zhs1Xl-HFdtiHe2SvTQroC8anHK9klMJgN2KcptSwfyfFrx76cyK2wBVK7HdO_0GPJsQywtY1_nZ2yW5PKlEIEkYya-i_w1CfPXrXsaoW3LxYP8UDBCUGV7qphMaulMo/s1600/North_carolina_algonkin-village.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHxr5gvEeTQd9Zhs1Xl-HFdtiHe2SvTQroC8anHK9klMJgN2KcptSwfyfFrx76cyK2wBVK7HdO_0GPJsQywtY1_nZ2yW5PKlEIEkYya-i_w1CfPXrXsaoW3LxYP8UDBCUGV7qphMaulMo/s640/North_carolina_algonkin-village.jpg" width="492" /></a></div>
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<span class="description"><i><span lang="EN">Village of the Secotan in North Carolina.
Watercolour painted by John White, 1585, on his first voyage to America. </span></i></span><i><o:p></o:p></i></div>
</div>Map Monkeyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03799927167426727749noreply@blogger.com0